The Laryngoscope
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Comparative Study
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulation by the tobacco smoke toxin acrolein.
Evidence indicates that decreased mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a major contributing feature to chronic rhinosinusitis. Tobacco-smoke exposure is thought to inhibit transepithelial Cl(-) secretion, a major determinant of airway surface liquid hydration and MCC. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of acrolein exposure (a prominent tobacco smoke toxin) on vectorial Cl(-) transport through the major apical anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in sinonasal epithelium. ⋯ The present study demonstrates that acrolein has complex but pronounced interaction with the major apical Cl(-) transport mechanism that uses CFTR. Further investigations are required to determine acrolein's impact as a tobacco smoke constituent on mucociliary transport.
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Comparative Study
Effect of cisplatin on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in Japanese patients.
Although it is well known that cisplatin is associated with ototoxicity, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the ototoxicity of cisplatin, especially in Japanese head and neck cancer patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rate of cisplatin ototoxicity and to determine the threshold dose causing ototoxicity in the Japanese population. ⋯ Our data suggest that Japanese patients are more susceptible to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. This is presumably caused by a genetic difference.
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Comparative Study
Nasoseptal flap repair after endoscopic transsellar versus expanded endonasal approaches: is there an increased risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak?
The development of expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) has allowed resection of cranial-base lesions beyond the sella. One major criticism is an increased risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage because of the larger skull base defect. We evaluated our experience with vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF) reconstruction and compared the postoperative CSF leak rates between patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal (transsellar) approaches versus expanded EEA (transplanum-transtuberculum, transcribriform, transclival). ⋯ Based on our data, there is no significant increased risk of postoperative CSF leak between transsellar and expanded EEA defects when a PNSF is used. The potential risk of postoperative CSF leaks associated with larger defects created through expanded EEA can be minimized by multilayered closure with a PNSF and meticulous surgical technique.
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To review airway management in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) newborns undergoing general anesthesia and to determine if endotracheal intubation is safe in this population. ⋯ This series demonstrates that endotracheal intubation is safe and effective in PRS newborns. In patients who failed intubation with direct laryngoscopy, intubation over a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope provided a reliable alternative method. Although airway management in PRS newborns poses a significant challenge, experienced otolaryngologists and anesthesiologists can successfully manage these difficult airway cases.