The Laryngoscope
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Ventilation tubes in the treatment of otitis media in young children remain controversial. Despite abundant research, few prospective long-term follow-up studies have included even a minority of patients under 1 year old. We investigated long-term otological and audiological outcomes in children with recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion, who were treated early with ventilation tubes. ⋯ Hearing in general was well preserved, and no ear presented with adhesive otitis media or cholesteatoma. Adverse otological and audiological outcomes of these young children did not exceed those presented by others for older counterparts. Tympanic membrane perforations, ongoing otitis media with effusion, and pars tensa retractions were causes of mild conductive hearing loss. Because one third of ears continued to have middle ear disease or sequelae, we emphasize the proper follow-up and restoration of middle ear ventilation with repeat ventilation tubes if not otherwise achieved.
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The study reports the results of treatment of oral tongue cancer with five different treatment modalities with long-term follow-up. ⋯ Significant improvement in DSS was seen in patients with clear margins, early stage grouping and clinical (pretreatment) tumor stage, and negative nodes. Significant decrease in DSS was seen in patients with close or involved margins, advanced stage grouping and clinical (pretreatment) tumor staging, positive clinical (pretreatment) node staging, and tumor recurrence. Obtaining clear margins of resection is crucial because it significantly affects survival. A minimum of 5 years of close monitoring is recommended because of the high incidence of second primary cancers.
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Since 1992, endovascular techniques for vascular occlusion and stenting have evolved significantly. Endovascular occlusion of the carotid artery has been used in the management of carotid "blowout." Although it seems logical to expand this application to the use of arterial stents to repair rather than occlude the artery when cerebral cross-circulation is inadequate, concerns remain regarding the placement of a foreign body in a contaminated field. The purpose of the present report is to describe our experience with endovascular stents for control of carotid hemorrhage. ⋯ When an unacceptable risk of cardiovascular accident makes occlusion unwise, acute carotid hemorrhage can be successfully managed with directed placement of endovascular stents, but the long-term sequelae of placing these foreign bodies in a field with ongoing contamination make this a temporizing rather than permanent measure for use while more definitive long-term solutions are pursued.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
The effects of topical agents of fluticasone propionate, oxymetazoline, and 3% and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions on mucociliary clearance in the therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in vivo.
The aims of the study were to determine: 1) how mucociliary activity in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is affected; 2) how this activity is changed by therapy; 3) the effects of topical agents on mucociliary clearance, and 4) the most appropriate topical agent(s) to be used in the therapy of sinusitis. ⋯ The oxymetazoline and 3% NaCl solution groups seemed to be more effective in mucociliary clearance, but there was no significant difference in improvement among the groups. The improvement of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis takes more than 3 weeks, according to the mucociliary clearance values of the groups.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Laryngeal adductor reflex and pharyngeal squeeze as predictors of laryngeal penetration and aspiration.
The contribution of laryngopharyngeal (LP) sensory deficits to the outcome of swallowing and the relationship between sensory and motor deficits in the laryngopharynx is unclear. The study purpose is to determine if patients with LP sensory and motor deficits are at increased risk for laryngeal penetration and aspiration during swallowing, and to determine the relationship between pharyngeal motor weakness and LP sensory deficits. ⋯ Absence of the LAR and impaired pharyngeal squeeze puts patients with dysphagia at high risk for laryngeal penetration and aspiration compared with patients with an intact LAR and intact pharyngeal squeeze. There is a strong association between motor and sensory deficits in the laryngopharynx.