The Laryngoscope
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Sleep disorders in general and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in particular are prevalent health problems. This report describe the methodology and findings from a prospective multicenter outcomes research study on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome that was conducted by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Other outcome measures available for outcomes research in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are also summarized.
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Comparative Study
Role of laryngeal movement and effect of aging on swallowing pressure in the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter.
Describe contribution of laryngeal movement to pressure changes at the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and the effect of aging on the swallowing function. ⋯ The rapid superior and anterior movements of the hyoid bone are considered to start at the same time as those of the larynx. In the young group, it is suggested that superior laryngeal movement protects the lower airway prior to the anterior laryngeal movement, causing the pressure fall at the UES to enable the passage of a bolus into the UES. In the elderly, smooth passage of the bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus is hindered and the system that prevents aspiration is rendered inefficient by changes in the swallowing pressures and laryngeal movements with aging.
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To identify changing trends in female authorship and publication in the otolaryngology literature. ⋯ There has been a significant trend toward increased female authorship in the otolaryngology literature. A significant portion of this is accounted for by nonphysician female authors, and female authorship tends to be concentrated in pediatric otolaryngology.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Evaluation of airway obstruction using virtual endoscopy.
This study examines the use of virtual endoscopy (VE) in the evaluation of patients with upper airway obstruction. The utility of VE compared with actual endoscopy was investigated with respect to accuracy of diagnosis and reproduction of endoscopic images. ⋯ Virtual endoscopy was not as sensitive as actual endoscopy in detecting the cause of airway obstruction that was based on dynamic movement. However, VE was excellent for the measurement and definition of fixed airway lesions.
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After bilateral vocal cord paralysis, the consequent paramedian position usually necessitates tracheostomy for at least 6 months, when the paralysis is potentially reversible. In the present study a reversible endoscopic vocal cord laterofixation procedure was used instead of tracheotomy. ⋯ This management approach offers an alternative to tracheostomy in the early period of paralysis, avoids terminal loss of voice quality, and provides a "one-stage" solution for permanent bilateral recurrent nerve injuries.