Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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We have found an interesting coincidental variation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the brachioradialis muscle in a male cadaver. The superficial branch of the radial nerve was duplicated with one branch taking an aberrant course between two bellies of the brachioradialis muscle. ⋯ The accessory nerve branch was impinged by two blood vessels and pierced through muscle bundles connecting two bellies of the brachioradialis muscle. The knowledge of this neuromuscular variant is of clinical relevance for the differential diagnosis of pain and paresthesia on the dorsoradial aspect of the hand and for the surgical management of the Wartenberg's syndrome.
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Detailed investigation of the vasculature of the lateral aspect of the foot has rarely been presented. However, harvesting the flap in this area to cover defects of the foot and hand is highly important. Repair of soft-tissue defects at the forefoot remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. This study explores the characteristics of the distal-based lateral dorsal cutaneous neuro-lateral plantar venofasciocutaneous flap pedicled with the lateral plantar artery perforator of the fifth metatarsal bone to establish a repair procedure for ulcers or defects in the forefoot region. ⋯ A reliable large- or medium-sized neuro-venocutaneous flap with lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, lateral plantar vein, and nutrient vessels can be raised using only the perforator of the lateral plantar artery of the fifth metatarsal bone, which is thin, is in the immediate vicinity of the forefoot, and has a reliable retrograde blood supply. This flap can be considered an alternative means to reconstruct soft-tissue defects of the forefoot.
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Near-peer teaching (NPT) is a highly valuable resource for the education of medical undergraduates with benefits to the students, teachers themselves, and the faculty. To maximise the effectiveness of such teaching programmes, the aim of this study was to determine how the student learning experience, and underpinning social and cognitive congruencies changes as the learner-teacher distance increases. ⋯ We believe that these findings may be explained by the diminishing social and cognitive congruencies shared between learner and teacher with increasing distance. From our results, we hypothesise that graduation is an important threshold, where there is a significant drop in congruencies between the learner and teacher, therefore, having a significant impact on the perception of the NPT session.
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A total of 100 cadaveric limbs were dissected to study the anatomy of the forearm and hand extensor musculature. Four types of contributions to the index finger were found for the extensor indicis proprius (EIP), including one new type where the double tendons of the EIP inserts volar and radial to the extensor digitorum communis of the index finger (EDC-I). Four variant muscles were identified including the extensor medii proprius (EMP) (in five cadavers), extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) (in one cadaver), extensor indicis et medii communis (EIMC) (in four cadavers) and extensor pollicis et indicis (EPI) (in four cadavers). ⋯ In one hand, the variant EIMC was present along with the EPI. In another hand, both the EMP and the EDBM were present, and the EMP tendon inserted to the tendon of the EDBM. Awareness of the variations on the dorsum of the hand is essential for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment of diseased hands.
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Review Multicenter Study
Developmental anomalies of the distal vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery: diagnosis by CT angiography and literature review.
The aim of this study was to identify variations in the anatomy of the distal vertebral artery (VA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) with computed tomography (CT) angiography. ⋯ A certain number of anatomical variants of the distal VA and PICA may reflect variations in size and connections of the lateral or posterior spinal artery.