Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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The configurations of cerebral veins and dural venous sinuses differ not only between individuals, but also between the two brain hemispheres of an individual, making the anatomical classification of the cerebral veins difficult. We evaluated the superior dural venous sinuses and classified their types and variations using magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and digital substraction angiography (DSA). ⋯ Although anatomical variations of dural venous sinuses are seen frequently, classification of venous sinuses helps surgeons in preoperative evaluation and management, and prevention of possible complications. In this study, we think that a comprehensive evaluation and classification of dural venous sinuses is a significant contribution to the literature.
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Anatomic arrangement of venous system within the transverse foramen is a controversial topic among authors. Precise knowledge of this arrangement is necessary in imaging where vertebral artery dissection is suspected, as well as in surgical approaches of cervical spine. This knowledge objective cannot be achieved without a prerequisite knowledge of primitive venous system. ⋯ The description has varied from a single vertebral vein to a single vein divided at certain areas, or even to a confluence of venous plexus. In this manner, the embryonic knowledge for instance on venous system can help us to better understand the segmental development of vertebral veins and their plexus arrangement. Furthermore, the cranial-caudal embryology, in particular of the nervous system, conveys the initial plexiform arrangement of vertebral veins, which ends into a single venous trunk joining the subclavian vein.
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Os intermetatarseum is a rare accessory bone of the forefoot and usually situated between the base of the first and second metatarsals. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Here, we report a rare form of os intermetatarseum presented with bilateral dorsal foot pain and to the authors' knowledge, it is the first case which includes computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. ⋯ It is important for radiologist to know that os intermetatarseum can be presented as dorsal foot pain. Due to its position, it is difficult to demonstrate os intermetatarseum in plain radiographs, CT and MRI should be performed in clinically suggestive cases.
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To date, there have been few studies of the simulation of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for teaching purposes. The present study aimed to evaluate the visibility of nerves and their adjacent structures, and the feasibility of the use of ultrasound-guided blocks in specially prepared cadavers to develop a new teaching model. ⋯ This cadaver model is a promising teaching tool for practicing both the visualization of nerves and the needle manipulation. Moreover, it is possible to simulate the interventional application and the spread of local anesthetics using saline. With the aim of maximizing the effectiveness of teaching, it is hoped that we, and others, may be able to establish the use of this kind of tool as a valuable adjunct to other models of teaching regional anesthesia.
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The purpose of this study was to anatomically investigate the proximal origin of flexor-pronator muscles (FPMs) and clarify their contribution to dynamic stabilization of the elbow joint during valgus stress. ⋯ The proximal attachment of the FPMs had a characteristic morphology. According to our results, the ACT and PT might assist the AOL by sharing static and dynamic traction forces applied to the medial elbow joint.