Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
-
Review Multicenter Study
Developmental anomalies of the distal vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery: diagnosis by CT angiography and literature review.
The aim of this study was to identify variations in the anatomy of the distal vertebral artery (VA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) with computed tomography (CT) angiography. ⋯ A certain number of anatomical variants of the distal VA and PICA may reflect variations in size and connections of the lateral or posterior spinal artery.
-
Review Case Reports
Left carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis diagnosed by MR angiography: a case report.
Anastomosis of the carotid-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is a rare anomalous vessel that arises from the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of the ophthalmic artery and takes an infraoptic and prechiasmatic path to anastomose with the ACA. It has known right-sided predominance. ⋯ Our literature search revealed only six reported cases of left carotid-ACA anastomoses. We believe ours is the first case diagnosed by MR angiography.
-
Anatomic arrangement of venous system within the transverse foramen is a controversial topic among authors. Precise knowledge of this arrangement is necessary in imaging where vertebral artery dissection is suspected, as well as in surgical approaches of cervical spine. This knowledge objective cannot be achieved without a prerequisite knowledge of primitive venous system. ⋯ The description has varied from a single vertebral vein to a single vein divided at certain areas, or even to a confluence of venous plexus. In this manner, the embryonic knowledge for instance on venous system can help us to better understand the segmental development of vertebral veins and their plexus arrangement. Furthermore, the cranial-caudal embryology, in particular of the nervous system, conveys the initial plexiform arrangement of vertebral veins, which ends into a single venous trunk joining the subclavian vein.
-
Details of piriformis syndrome, including the proper diagnosis and most effective form of treatment, continue to be controversial. While the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of piriformis syndrome remain elusive, many studies have been conducted to investigate newly developed diagnostic techniques as well as various treatment options for piriformis-induced sciatica. ⋯ Thus, despite the evidence supporting the newer treatment methodologies for piriformis syndrome, research should continue. It is important not only to evaluate treatment outcomes based on associated pain relief, but also to investigate the functional and anatomical return that patients experience from these studied treatments in order to fully explore the most effective form of therapy for piriformis syndrome.
-
Review Comparative Study
Laparoscopic nerve-sparing transperitoneal approach for endometriosis infiltrating the pelvic wall and somatic nerves: anatomical considerations and surgical technique.
Endometriotic or fibrotic involvement of sacral plexus and pudendal and sciatic nerves may be quite frequently the endopelvic cause of ano-genital and pelvic pain. Feasibility of a laparoscopic transperitoneal approach to the somatic nerves of the pelvis was determined and showed by Possover et al. for diagnosis and treatment of ano-genital pain caused by pudendal and/or sacral nerve roots lesions and adopted at our institution. In this paper we report our experience and anatomo-surgical consideration regarding this technique. ⋯ Laparoscopic transperitoneal retroperitoneal nerve-sparing approach to the pelvic wall proved to be a feasible and useful procedure even if limited to referred laparoscopic centers and anatomically experienced and skilled surgeons.