Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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The aim of this study was to classify the different patterns of cutaneous nerves found on the dorsum of foot in Indian fetuses and compare them with patterns found in other population groups. ⋯ A comparison with cutaneous innervation patterns found in other population groups revealed three new variants which have not been reported in the other populations.
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The presence of a unusual appearance of the stylohyoid and digastric muscles may lead to a confusion in some pathological cases, during the radiological examination and aesthetic facial surgery. These differences may cause pharyngeal pain and foreign body sensation in the throat. During the dissection, unusual insertions, origin, insertion, shape and bilaterality were investigated in 28 cadavers' heads. ⋯ The unusual insertion of the stylohyoid muscles which cover the hyoid bone as a collar was not described in the classification of the previous studies. These fibers may give an variant mobility to the hyoid and they occur depending on the differences in the stylohyoid chains. Although the styloid process was in normal size, unusual insertions of the stylohyoid muscle that cover the hyoid as a belt or collar may give symptoms similar to those of the stylohyoid syndrome.
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To describe the morphometry of iliac columns for transiliac screw and to testify the conformity among the anatomic measurement, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography. ⋯ The measurements among anatomic measurement, 2D and 3D computed tomography are consistent. The screw path from the posterior superior iliac spine toward anterior inferior iliac spine provided the longest anchor site. At the same time, the line between the posterior inferior iliac spine and anterior inferior iliac spine is not available for transiliac screw insertion of eastern population. The posterior of the safe section also can be regarded as another ilium anchorage area for transiliac screws.
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Ultrasound (US) has emerged in the field of regional anaesthesia in the past few years, as it allows physicians to simultaneously see the needle, the targeted nerves, and the vessels to avoid. Nevertheless, anatomical knowledge is essential for identifying all of the structures seen on the US screen. US also allows an in vivo approach to the variations of nerves and vessels. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical structures of the axilla through a dissection, an anatomical section and US images performed during daily regional anaesthesia. This work will also discuss the usefulness of US in studying anatomical variations of vasculonervous structures. ⋯ Anatomical knowledge is of major importance for US-guided regional anaesthesia. US scan offers a new approach to anatomical variations of the vasculonervous bundle at the junction of the axilla and the upper arm.