Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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We aimed to evaluate the quantity and quality of current evidence concerning the outcomes of use of plastinated specimens in anatomy education. ⋯ The existing evidence about the outcomes of the use of plastination in anatomy education is relatively limited and lacks comparative studies with statistical significant results. Positive students' reactions were generally noted, but further research is needed to clarify if plastination could be of benefit to students' attitude and anatomy knowledge.
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The purpose of this research was to clarify the relationships between quadratus plantae (QP) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) using large-scale specimens. ⋯ QP appears to function strongly to counter the oblique pull of FDL and FHL and as a lesser digit plantar flexor.
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The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) infiltration is performed to reduce blood flow during endoscopic sinus surgery and septorhinoplasty, as well as to control posterior epistaxis and provide regional anesthesia in dental procedures. PPF infiltration performed with consideration of the morphometrics of greater palatine foramen (GPF), greater palatine canal (GPC) and PPF would increase the success of the procedure and reduce the risk of complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the GPF, GPC, lesser palatine foramen (LPF), lesser palatine canal (LPC) and PPF morphology via the images obtained by CBCT, to provide information for interventional procedures. ⋯ Our results may help to insert to needle properly for application of maxillary nerve block with a high success rate and minimal complication. We recommend that the needle should be inserted 14-15 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane, 19-20 mm over the occlusal plane of the teeth and on the same line with the third molar teeth. For PPF infiltration through the GPF, the needle should be pushed forward 28 mm upward at 66° angle on the transverse plane and 14°-15° angle on the vertical plane.
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The pterygopalatine fossa is a deep viscerocranial space containing the maxillary artery and nerve, the pterygopalatine ganglion, and the nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve). The endoscopic approach to this area relies on adequate preoperative imaging, such as computed tomography (CT). The aim was to determine the morphometric characteristics of the pterygopalatine fossa and its communications, including several previously unpublished measurements. ⋯ Several new descriptions of the pterygopalatine fossa are presented here (such as the angle between the sphenopalatine foramen and the vidian canal, a new aspect in the understanding of the FR, and the distance between the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the vidian canal and the foramen rotundum), which might prove useful in the comprehension of the anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa.
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The left common carotid artery usually bifurcates to the internal and external carotids at or near the superior border of thyroid cartilage. In head and neck surgery, the common carotid arteries are important landmarks, defining the plane of dissection during radical neck surgeries. ⋯ We report an interesting case of a 75-year-old male patient with low bifurcation of the left common carotid artery, accidentally found during a routine carotid Doppler ultrasonography. Bifurcation was located at the C7-Th1 intervertebral disc height, approximately 4 cm from the aortic arch.