Current medical research and opinion
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Comparative Study
Engineering study comparing injection force and dose accuracy between two prefilled insulin injection pens.
This study compared injection force (measured by glide force [GF] and glide force variability [GFV]) and dosing accuracy of the Humalog KwikPen * (prefilled insulin lispro [Humalog dagger] pen, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and the Next Generation FlexPen double dagger (prefilled insulin aspart [NovoRapid section sign] pen, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). * Humalog KwikPen is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. dagger Humalog is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. double dagger FlexPen is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. section sign NovoRapid is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. ⋯ The insulin lispro pen had significantly lower median GF and GFV compared with insulin aspart pen when tested at two dose sizes and two dosing speeds. Median dose error was similar between the device types at the 10 U/s dosing speed, but median dose error was significantly lower for the insulin lispro pen at the 6.6 U/s dosing speed. A limitation of this study was that it was executed as an open label study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Long-term effects of pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without a recent history of macrovascular morbidity.
To evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone for the prevention of macrovascular outcomes in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, without a recent history of macrovascular morbidity. ⋯ UMIN000001363.
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To determine the direct healthcare costs associated with the onset of chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (CNVAF), warfarin utilization and the occurrence of cerebrovascular events in a commercially-insured population. ⋯ Post-AF total direct healthcare costs were 3 times greater than pre-AF costs. For those with a TIA, IS or MB, post-AF total direct healthcare costs increased 4.5 times from pre-AF costs; overall post-event costs in this cohort increased approximately 25% over pre-event costs. Nearly half of the events occurred within 1 month of a claim associated with an AF diagnosis. Warfarin exposure appeared to be associated with lower pmpm costs in this population.