Current medical research and opinion
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Meta Analysis
Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in preventing fractures in elderly women: a meta-analysis.
The efficacy of vitamin D(3) in preventing fractures and falls has been explored in a number of clinical trials. However, recent evidence revealed new questions about the adequate doses of vitamin D(3) supplementation and its efficacy in fracture prevention independent of calcium supplements for various types of fractures. ⋯ This meta-analysis supports the use of vitamin D3 of 800 IU daily to reduce the incidence of osteoporotic non-vertebral, hip, and non-vertebral-non-hip fractures in elderly women. Vitamin D(3) with calcium appears to achieve benefits above those attained with calcium supplementation alone for non-vertebral and non-vertebral-non-hip fractures.
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Multicenter Study
GOAL: multicenter, open-label, post-marketing study of flavocoxid, a novel dual pathway inhibitor anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin.
GOAL (Gauging Osteoarthritis [OA] with Limbrel*), an open-label, post-marketing study was performed to determine the overall efficacy and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of flavocoxid, a novel, plant-based, anti-inflammatory medication, in a 'real world' clinical practice setting. To this end, the study enrolled several unique patient types including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naïve patients, those who had used NSAIDs in the past, regardless of outcome (positive or negative), and those who had previously taken a gastroprotective medication to improve GI tolerability or continued to take it as a precautionary measure to prevent NSAID-associated GI damage. ⋯ Within a 'real world' clinical rheumatology practice setting, flavocoxid demonstrated significant efficacy in the management of OA in multiple patient types and displayed significant potential for reducing the possibility of adverse GI side-effects and use of gastroprotective agents associated with more traditional OA medications. A limitation of this study was that it was open-label and not rigorously controlled. The large population may compensate for this lack of control.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Urinary flow and urinary symptoms in elderly males exposed to either escitalopram or duloxetine.
To profile the effects of escitalopram with duloxetine on urinary flow rate and symptoms in elderly males aged 55-75 years. ⋯ The results of this small, pilot study suggest that duloxetine may cause a decline in urinary flow in elderly men. A larger study in patients with urinary flow symptoms would be required to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and safety of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, vs glibenclamide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Liraglutide is a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, largely conducted in populations of European descent, liraglutide has been shown to lower HbA(1C), weight and systolic blood pressure with a low risk of hypoglycaemia. This Phase 3, 24-week, multi-centre, double-blind, double dummy, randomised parallel-group trial compared the efficacy and safety of liraglutide and glibenclamide monotherapy in Japanese subjects with T2DM, inadequately controlled with diet therapy or oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) monotherapy. ⋯ Liraglutide monotherapy, administered once daily for 24 weeks in Japanese subjects with T2DM, was well tolerated. Compared with glibenclamide monotherapy, liraglutide achieved superior glycaemic control and weight outcome, and a significantly lower incidence of hypoglycaemia. Future studies, comprising a greater proportion of true therapy-naïve Japanese patients, will be beneficial in order to establish the true add-on efficacy of liraglutide monotherapy in patients with T2DM.
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Meta Analysis
Efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray versus other opioids for breakthrough pain in cancer.
To compare the efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray (INFS), oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) and oral morphine (OM) for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP). ⋯ Based on currently available evidence, INFS is expected to provide the greatest improvement in the treatment of BTCP. Due to its slow onset to effect OM cannot be considered an efficacious treatment for BTCP.