Current medical research and opinion
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation of intravenous colistin methanesulfonate sodium in Japanese healthy male subjects.
The study aimed at evaluating the pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate sodium (CMS-Na) and describing observed safety findings in Japanese healthy male subjects. ⋯ CMS-Na was safely administered to healthy volunteers but resulted in transient increase of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and protein. Based on this study, the highest recommended dose of CMS-Na had sufficient bacteriostatic effect.
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Despite the favorable effects reported with opioid switching performed in a specialized unit in the short term, data on long-term basis are poor, particularly after discharging patients home or in other settings. ⋯ Opioid switching performed in acute pain relief and palliative care is an effective method of improving the balance between analgesia and adverse effects, even for prolonged periods of time, following discharge to another setting of care. However, for different reasons, some of patients may lose this benefit. Additional studies using different models of care should be performed in order to gather further information about the long-term outcome of opioid switching.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Efficacy of topical 10% urea-based lotion in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris: a two-center, randomized, controlled, single-blind, right-vs.-left study in comparison with standard glycerol-based emollient cream.
Ichthyoses are genetic disorders of keratinization which are uncomfortable due to their conspicuous scaling, itching and cosmetic problems. Ichthyoses can lead to social discrimination and psychological problems. Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) is the most common form of these geno-dermatoses. IV is a chronic disorder that often requires continuous therapy. Emollient and keratolytic products are the mainstay treatments of IV. It is important that efficient, safe and well tolerated therapies should be available. Direct comparative data regarding efficacy of different emollient products in IV patients are very few. ⋯ Ureadin Rx 10 lotion has shown a greater efficacy on ichthyosis vulgaris in term of reduction of scaling, roughness, redness and cracking in comparison with a glycerol-based emollient cream. Tolerability of the two topical treatments was comparable. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for the evaluation of safety and tolerability of urea 10% lotion in this clinical setting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Correlates of alcohol use in adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders: exploratory analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder are often comorbid in adults. The effects of ADHD treatment on comorbid alcohol use disorder have not been extensively studied. ⋯ No baseline predictor (other than degree of sobriety) of alcohol use or ADHD outcomes emerged. ADHD symptom improvements correlated significantly with reductions in alcohol cravings, and relapse to alcohol abuse correlated significantly with worsening of most ADHD symptoms in the placebo group, but not in the atomoxetine group. This post-hoc subgroup analysis is of a hypothesis-generating nature, and the generalizability of the findings may be limited by exclusion of adults with common ADHD comorbidities from the base study. Further, prospective clinical trials in larger and more heterogeneous patient populations are warranted to confirm or reject these preliminary associations. TRIAL REGISTRATION (BASE STUDY): ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00190957.
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To characterize patients who received high doses of OROS hydromorphone (OROD-HY), a retrospective study of patients admitted in an acute pain relief and palliative care unit for a period of two years (from June 2009 to June 2011) was performed. ⋯ This study demonstrated that OROS-HY administered in larger doses was relatively safe and effective, showing versatility and flexibility similar to other opioids.