Current medical research and opinion
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Factors that influence the efficacy of acarbose and metformin as initial therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of the MARCH trial.
To conduct a subanalysis of the randomized MARCH (Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment) trial to investigate whether specific characteristics are associated with the efficacy of either acarbose or metformin as initial therapy. ⋯ Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with lower baseline 2hPPG and HOMA-IR values are more likely to achieve glucose control with acarbose or metformin treatment. Furthermore, the change in BMI after acarbose or metformin treatment is also a factor influencing HbA1c normalization. A prospective study with a larger sample size is necessary to confirm our results as well as measure β cell function and examine the influence of the patients' dietary habits.
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Comparative Study
Comparative effectiveness of everolimus and axitinib as second targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the US: a retrospective chart review.
Background Second targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) include mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORis) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This observational study compares overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients treated with everolimus (an mTORi) and axitinib (a TKI) following first TKI, and assesses the impact of type and duration of first TKI on the relative effectiveness of these second targeted therapies. Methods Retrospective reviews of medical records were conducted by medical oncologists or hematologists/oncologists recruited from a nationwide panel. ⋯ Limitations Important limitations include potential missing or inaccurate data in medical charts, and confounding due to unobserved factors. Conclusions In this retrospective chart review, no significant differences were detected in OS or PFS between axitinib and everolimus as second targeted therapy. Longer duration of first TKI was not associated with increased effectiveness of subsequent axitinib compared to everolimus.
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To assess adherence to the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for initiating and continuing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). ⋯ Adherence to NICE guidance for initiating and continuing GLP-1 receptor agonists is low. However, lack of data on ethnicity (for assessing NICE's BMI criteria) and on contraindications and/or hypersensitivity to other diabetes medication in the treatment pathway have limited our ability to fully assess adherence to GLP-1 prescribing. Further research is warranted to better understand general practitioners' prescribing decisions given the cost of prescribing GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Editorial Comment
Why is residual neuromuscular blockade a universal issue?
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To assess basal insulin persistence, associated factors, and economic outcomes for insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the US. ⋯ The majority of people in this study interrupted or discontinued basal insulin treatment in the year after initiation; and incurred higher medical resource use and costs than continuers. The findings are limited to the commercially insured population in the US. In addition, persistence patterns were assessed using administrative claims as opposed to actual medication-taking behavior and did not account for measures of glycemic control. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind basal insulin persistence and the implications thereof, to help clinicians manage care for T2DM more effectively.