Current medical research and opinion
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The difference between the costs of the newer and older glucose-lowering drugs (GLMs) has been steadily increasing since 2010. In 2018, newer drugs cost 8-12 times more than older drugs (except for insulin). This study aimed to understand how the cost change influenced the cost-effectiveness of the newer GLMs. ⋯ Significant changes in the cost of GLMs have impacted the economic value of different GLM classes substantially. More cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted to support the drug choice in T2DM management.
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Pharmacovigilance is a science that plays a significant role in reducing ADRs and helps predict adverse reactions to drugs in community. To safely use drugs in treatment and prevention of disease, adverse drug reaction has been paid more attention. ⋯ Chinese health care professionals generally have good awareness of pharmacovigilance, and pharmacovigilance is relatively more advanced in China compared to other developing countries.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Duration and onset of effect of incobotulinumtoxina for the treatment of blepharospasm in botulinum toxin-naïve subjects.
Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia whereby excessive eyelid muscle contractions cause involuntary eye closure. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injections are an approved treatment. This randomized placebo-controlled trial (NCT01896895; EudraCT number 2012-004821-26) assessed the efficacy, safety, and treatment effect duration of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH), a BoNT-A formulation without complexing proteins, in BoNT-A-naïve adults with blepharospasm. ⋯ Subjects reported an effect onset from 5 days after injection lasting up to 20 weeks (maximum observation period). Data indicate that incobotulinumtoxinA re-treatment of blepharospasm may not be required at fixed 12-week intervals and provide evidence for a patient-tailored approach.
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To estimate the prevalence, incidence and economic burden of schizophrenia among Medicaid beneficiaries. ⋯ Annual prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia varied by state but remained stable over time. Adults with schizophrenia incurred greater HRU and costs relative to adults without schizophrenia; the burden appeared comparable among young adults.