Current medical research and opinion
-
Comparative Study
A comparison of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin use in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients in the US: focus on length of stay.
Length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs were compared among patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and initially treated with either levofloxacin 750 mg intravenous (IV) or with moxifloxacin 400 mg IV. Hospital-related complications and relationship of LOS and comorbidities were descriptively examined. ⋯ This retrospective study suggests that among patients hospitalized with CAP, initial treatment with levofloxacin 750 mg IV is associated with a significantly shorter mean hospital LOS compared with treatment with moxifloxacin 400 mg IV. The clinical implications of a shorter hospital LOS include improved patient and economic outcomes.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of exenatide versus insulin analogues on weight change in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post-hoc analysis.
In two previously reported multi-center, randomized, open-label, comparator (insulin) controlled trials in patients with type 2 diabetes sub-optimally controlled with metformin and a sulfonylurea, treatment with exenatide and insulin analogue therapy produced similar reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C). However, treatment with exenatide was associated with a reduction in body weight while insulin analogue therapy was associated with weight gain. This analysis further characterizes the relative impact of commonly employed insulin analogues versus exenatide on weight change over a 6-month period. ⋯ These findings support the use of exenatide as a treatment option in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes and who are overweight and sub-optimally controlled by metformin and sulfonylurea. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the exploratory nature of this post-hoc analysis.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of plasma-derived human thrombin versus bovine thrombin in achieving hemostasis in patients undergoing surgery.
To compare the effectiveness of plasma-derived human thrombin and bovine thrombin for achieving hemostasis during surgery. ⋯ Plasma-derived human thrombin and bovine thrombin were equivalent in achieving hemostasis within 10, 6, and 3 min and had comparable safety profiles. None of the patients receiving human thrombin developed seroconversion for antibodies to any of the human antigens.
-
Review
A review of Paget's disease of bone with a focus on the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid 5 mg.
Paget's disease of bone, the second most common metabolic bone disease in the United States, is characterized by localized areas of excessive bone resorption coupled with accelerated bone formation, resulting in new bone that is less structurally organized and is weaker than normal bone. Complications of Paget's disease can include bone pain, osteoarthritis, skeletal deformity, hearing loss, and fractures. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current standards of treatment in Paget's disease. ⋯ The etiology of Paget's disease is unclear, but some evidence suggests genetic and viral components. Bisphosphonates restore normal bone turnover and relieve bone pain, but oral formulations may be limited by complicated dosing regimens and poor gastrointestinal absorption. The bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid is administered as a single intravenous infusion and offers antiresorptive efficacy and longer-lasting remission.
-
People with severe hemophilia suffer from frequent intra-articular hemorrhages, leading to pain, swelling, reduced flexion, and arthropathy. Elective orthopedic surgery using factor VIII (FVIII) replacement to prevent uncontrolled bleeding has been endorsed as an effective treatment option for patients with severe or advanced hemophilic arthropathy. These surgeries reduce pain, restore mobility and function, and reduce the frequency of recurrent joint bleeds. Unfortunately, some patients with hemophilia develop inhibitors to FVIII, which neutralize FVIII activity and render the use of even massive amounts of FVIII replacement ineffective and surgery very risky. For this reason, elective surgical procedures in high-titer inhibitor patients had largely been abandoned until the introduction of new agents, such as recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark). rFVIIa has been shown effective for prophylaxis during elective surgery and has therefore improved the feasibility of orthopedic surgery in hemophilia patients with high-titer inhibitors. The present research explored, from a modified US payer perspective, the direct economic and quality of life benefits of four different elective knee surgeries (total knee replacement [TKR], knee arthrodesis [KA], proximal tibial osteotomy, and distal femoral osteotomy) with rFVIIa coverage in hemophilia patients with high-titer inhibitors. ⋯ The present exploratory analysis is based on the long-term extrapolation of data from a small number of patients without inhibitors and short-term studies. It suggests that major knee surgery utilizing rFVIIa in hemophilia patients with inhibitors may be cost-effective on average, with expected cost savings apparent within a decade of knee surgery. The present exploratory results should be validated with real-world, longitudinal patient data.