Journal of critical care
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2014
Mean platelet volume is a prognostic factor in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.
Platelet size has been demonstrated to reflect platelet activity and to predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value of platelet size for mortality has not been studied in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). ⋯ Mean platelet volume at the time of CRRT initiation may be an inexpensive and useful predictor for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with AKI requiring CRRT.
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2014
Admission high serum sodium is not associated with increased intensive care unit mortality risk in respiratory patients.
Because increased serum osmolarity may be lung protective, we hypothesized that increased mortality associated with increased serum sodium would be ameliorated in critically ill patients with an acute respiratory diagnosis. ⋯ High admission serum sodium is associated with increased odds for ICU death, except in respiratory patients.
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2014
Case ReportsChlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated central-line dressings and necrosis in complicated skin disorder patients.
Although chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) disks have been shown to help reduce the incidence of central line-associated blood stream infections, their use can result in local skin necrosis. The effects of CHG disks on patients with complex skin pathology have not been studied. We report 6 cases of dermal necrosis associated with Biopatch (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ) CHG disks in adults with complex skin pathology including those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, burns, and anasarca. ⋯ Complicated skin disorder patients represent a rare subset of the critically ill who appear prone to CHG disk necrosis. Continuous contact of CHG under occlusive dressings is speculated to predispose Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, and burn patients to local chemical injury secondary to loss of the epithelial tissue barrier, decreased cohesion of the epidermal-dermal junction, and increased tissue permeability. In these patients, the risk of placing the CHG disk may present more risk than using alternative antimicrobial dressings.
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2014
Effect of corticosteroids on arginine vasopressin after pediatric cardiac surgery.
Arginine vasopressin's (AVP) efficacy in the treatment of refractory hypotension is, in part, dependent upon preinfusion endogenous AVP concentration. Corticosteroids, also commonly used to treat refractory hypotension, have been shown to suppress endogenous AVP release. We aimed to determine if corticosteroids affect endogenous AVP concentrations in children recovering from cardiac surgery. ⋯ Children who receive multiple doses of corticosteroids after cardiac surgery, regardless of potency, are likely to have low endogenous AVP concentrations. Children who remain unstable despite corticosteroids may respond favorably to exogenous AVP therapy.
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2014
Observational StudyImpact of positive fluid balance on critically ill surgical patients: A prospective observational study.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of postoperative fluid balance (FB) on subsequent outcomes in acute care surgery (ACS) patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ In a cohort of critically ill ACS patients, achieving FB (-) status early during surgical ICU admission was associated with a nearly 70% reduction in the risk for mortality.