Journal of critical care
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2015
Candidemia-induced pediatric sepsis and its association with free radicals, nitric oxide, and cytokine level in host.
Candida species has become the seventh most frequent causal microorganisms of nosocomial sepsis. Prematurity and low birth weights are strongly associated with the development of neonatal nosocomial bloodstream infections. Candida albicans has been the species most often associated with neonatal infections, but recently, there has been a changing pattern in the isolates recovered from neonates with invasive candidiasis, which poses resistance to the existing class of azoles such as fluconazole antifungals along with cross resistance to newer triazoles, which results in a therapeutic challenge in invasive fungal infections causing high incidence of mortality. ⋯ Furthermore, the change in free radical, cytokine release, and nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from control and pediatric sepsis cases were also performed. The present study probably for the first time reports the change in increasing incidence of nonalbicans Candida-induced sepsis in neonates and children admitted to the intensive care unit of hospital, and current antibiotics load posing resistance for antifungal treatment strategy and provide serious threats in future treatment. The increase in free radicals in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and increase in expression of nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide release in Candida-infected pediatric sepsis cases underlie the role of host factor in dissemination and invasiveness of infection from exogenous sources and pathogenesis of systemic inflammation during sepsis.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2015
Incidence and risk factor evaluation of exposure keratopathy in critically ill patients: A cohort study.
Recent emphasis on eye care in intensive care unit (ICU) patients has translated to eye assessment being part of routine care. In this setting, we determined the incidence, risk factors, and resolution time of exposure keratopathy. ⋯ Severe exposure keratopathy is infrequent in a protocolized ICU setting. Eyelid position and duration of ventilation are associated with exposure keratopathy.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2015
Choice of renal replacement therapy modality in intensive care units: Data from a Japanese Nationwide Administrative Claim Database.
This study was undertaken to assess recent trends of the choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities in Japanese intensive care units (ICUs). ⋯ Continuous RRT is apparently preferred in actual ICU practice, especially for hemodynamically unstable patients, and subsequent RRT modality switch is associated with mortality.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2015
Reevaluation of the utilization of arterial blood gas analysis in the Intensive Care Unit: Effects on patient safety and patient outcome.
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a useful tool to evaluate hypercapnia in the context of conditions and diseases affecting the lungs. Oftentimes, indications for ABG analysis are broad and nonspecific and lead to frequent testing without test results influencing patient management. ⋯ A significant decrease of ABGs obtained in the ICU does not negatively impact patient outcome and safety. A decrease in the number of ABGs per patient allows cost-efficient patient care with a lower risk for complications.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2015
The Durban World Congress Ethics Round Table IV: Health care professional end-of-life decision making.
When terminal illness exists, it is common clinical practice worldwide to withhold (WH) or withdraw (WD) life-sustaining treatments. Systematic documentation of professional opinion and perceived practice similarities and differences may allow recommendations to be developed. ⋯ There was majority agreement for many but not all statements describing health care professional end-of-life decision making.