Dysphagia
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Review Multicenter Study
Amyloidosis of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: Management of a Rare Disease and Review of the Literature.
Amyloidosis in the upper aerodigestive tract is a very rare disease with mainly case reports documented so far. In the pathogenesis, amyloid protein fibers are deposited in organs and tissue. In the upper aerodigestive tract, mostly localized amyloidosis occurs with unspecific symptoms, e.g., dysphagia. ⋯ When detected it is a straight forward to treat illness. The appearance of a systemic amyloidosis needs to be ruled out; thus, there is a chance to develop a multiple myeloma. Given the slow progressive character of amyloidosis, a long-term follow-up up to 10 years is inevitable.
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Swallowing evaluations are often delayed at least 24 h following extubation with the assumption that swallow function improves over time. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to determine if dysphagia, as measured by aspiration and need for diet modification, declines over the first 24-h post-extubation, whereby providing evidence-based evaluation guidelines for this population. Forty-nine patients completed FEES at 2-4 h post-extubation and 24-26 h post-extubation. ⋯ Sixty-nine percent of participants safely swallowed at least one texture without aspiration at 2-4 h post-extubation. Within participants, there was a significant decrease in penetration/aspiration at 24 h and 79% showed improvement in airway protection on at least one bolus type, suggesting an improvement in swallow function over the first day following extubation. These findings suggest that although patients may be safe to begin a modified diet soon after extubation, delaying evaluation until 24-h post-extubation may allow for a less restricted diet.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Implementing Cough Reflex Testing in a Clinical Pathway for Acute Stroke: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial.
Silent aspiration is common after stroke and can lead to subsequent pneumonia. While standard bedside dysphagia assessments are ineffective at predicting silent aspiration, cough reflex testing (CRT) has shown promise for identifying patients at risk of silent aspiration. We investigated the impact of CRT on patient and service outcomes when embedded into a clinical pathway. 488 acute stoke patients were randomly allocated to receive either CRT or standard care (i.e. bedside assessment). ⋯ While clinicians perceived CRT as beneficial in clinical decision making, the efficacy of CRT for reducing pneumonia rates in acute stroke remains to be established. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN12616000724471.
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To evaluate timing and duration differences in airway protection and esophageal opening after oral intubation and mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors versus age-matched healthy volunteers. Orally intubated adult (≥ 18 years old) patients receiving mechanical ventilation for ARDS were evaluated for swallowing impairments via a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) during usual care. Exclusion criteria were tracheostomy, neurological impairment, and head and neck cancer. ⋯ Pharyngoesophageal segment opening was a median (IQR) of - 116 (- 183, 1) ms (p = 0.004) shorter than in age-matched, healthy controls. Evaluation of swallowing physiology after oral endotracheal intubation in ARDS patients demonstrates slowed pharyngeal and laryngeal swallowing timing, suggesting swallow-related muscle weakness. These findings may highlight specific areas for further evaluation and potential therapeutic intervention to reduce post-extubation aspiration.
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Observational Study
Changes in Swallowing and Cough Functions Among Stroke Patients Before and After Tracheostomy Decannulation.
We investigated the functional changes in swallowing and voluntary coughing before and after tracheostomy decannulation among stroke patients who had undergone a tracheostomy. We also compared these functions between stroke patients who underwent tracheostomy tube removal and those who did not within 6 months of their stroke. Seventy-seven stroke patients who had undergone a tracheostomy were enrolled. ⋯ Our results revealed that stroke patients who had better functional improvement in swallowing and coughing were more likely to be potential candidates for tracheostomy decannulation. Stroke patients who recovered from neurogenic dysphagia, they were no longer affected by the mechanical effect of the tracheostomy tube on swallowing function. This study suggests that if patients show improvement in swallowing and coughing after their stroke, a multidisciplinary approach to tracheostomy decannulation would be needed to achieve better rehabilitation outcomes.