Advances in therapy
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Advances in therapy · May 2020
Service Evaluation of Methoxyflurane Versus Standard Care for Overall Management of Patients with Pain Due to Injury.
Inhaled methoxyflurane is an analgesic used for the emergency relief of moderate to severe pain in conscious adult patients with trauma and associated pain that is increasingly being used in hospital emergency departments to provide rapid analgesia. It is widely accepted that effective pain relief can facilitate patient care and flow through the emergency department (ED). The main aim of this evaluation was to assess the impact of inhaled methoxyflurane on patient length of stay (LOS) in the ED compared with standard care. ⋯ Use of methoxyflurane in adult patients with trauma pain significantly reduced the ED LOS and may potentially improve patient flow through the ED.
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Advances in therapy · Mar 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyProlonged-Release (PR) Oxycodone/Naloxone Improves Bowel Function Compared with Oxycodone PR and Provides Effective Analgesia in Chinese Patients with Non-malignant Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.
Prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone (OXN PR), combining an opioid analgesic with selective blockade of enteric µ-opioid receptors, provided effective analgesia and improved bowel function in patients with moderate-to-severe pain and opioid-induced constipation in clinical trials predominantly conducted in Western countries. This double-blind randomized controlled trial investigated OXN PR (N = 116) versus prolonged-release oxycodone (OXY PR, N = 115) for 8 weeks at doses up to 50 mg/day in patients with moderate-to-severe, chronic, non-malignant musculoskeletal pain and opioid-induced constipation recruited in China. ⋯ OXN PR provided clinically meaningful improvements in bowel function and effective analgesia in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe musculoskeletal pain and pre-existing opioid-induced constipation.
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Advances in therapy · Mar 2020
Multicenter StudyNeutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Outcomes with Nivolumab in Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Large Retrospective Multicenter Study.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have provided substantial benefit in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with unprecedented results in terms of survival. However, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers to these agents is lacking and multiple clinicopathological factors have been evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in patients with pretreated NSCLC receiving nivolumab. ⋯ Patients with pretreated NSCLC and high pretreatment levels of NLR and PLR may experience inferior outcomes with nivolumab. Therefore, in this subgroup of patients with poor prognosis the use of alternative therapeutic strategies may be a valuable option, especially in programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-negative patients and/or in the presence of other additional poor prognostic factors.
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Advances in therapy · Mar 2020
Observational StudyPrognostic Performance of SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS in Kidney Transplant Recipients Suffering from Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study.
The prognostic performance of scoring systems for illness severity in infectious kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is rarely reported. We investigated the ability of the scores for the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) to predict in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement. ⋯ The SOFA score (but not those for SIRS and qSOFA) independently predicted in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and MV requirement in infectious KTRs.
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Advances in therapy · Feb 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialAbility of Serum IgE Concentration to Predict Exacerbation Risk and Benralizumab Efficacy for Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.
For patients with eosinophilic asthma with allergic characteristics, understanding the key drivers of exacerbations is important to identify optimal treatment strategies. Benralizumab is an interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that significantly reduces exacerbation frequency for patients with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. We evaluated the predictive value of baseline blood eosinophil counts vs. serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations on exacerbation risk and the association of these variables with benralizumab treatment effect. ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov: SIROCCO, NCT01928771; CALIMA, NCT01914757.