Clinical biomechanics
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Clinical biomechanics · Jun 2019
Correlation of high flow nasal cannula outlet area with gas clearance and pressure in adult upper airway replicas.
Primary benefits of high flow nasal cannula therapy include washout of carbon dioxide rich exhaled gas and increased airway pressures during tidal breathing. This work reports on the influence of high flow nasal cannula outlet area on upper airways gas clearance and tracheal pressures using measurements in five realistic adult nose-throat airway replicas. ⋯ Since increased pressure and clearance rate have been associated with improved clinical outcomes in previous studies, our results suggest that smaller cannula outlet area may be preferable.
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Clinical biomechanics · May 2019
High flow nasal cannula: Influence of gas type and flow rate on airway pressure and CO2 clearance in adult nasal airway replicas.
High flow nasal cannula therapy is a form of respiratory support which delivers high flow rates of heated, humidified gas to the nares via specialized cannula. Two primary mechanisms of action attributed to the therapy are the provision of positive airway pressure as well as clearance of CO2-rich exhaled gas from the upper airways. ⋯ Compared with administration of air or oxygen, administration of heliox is expected to result in similar CO2 clearance from the upper airway, but markedly lower airway pressure.
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Clinical biomechanics · Apr 2019
Changes in event-related potential functional networks predict traumatic brain injury in piglets.
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of cognitive and behavioral deficits in children in the US each year. None of the current diagnostic tools, such as quantitative cognitive and balance tests, have been validated to identify mild traumatic brain injury in infants, adults and animals. In this preliminary study, we report a novel, quantitative tool that has the potential to quickly and reliably diagnose traumatic brain injury and which can track the state of the brain during recovery across multiple ages and species. ⋯ This novel approach is the first application of auditory event-related potential functional networks to the prediction of traumatic brain injury. The resulting tool is a robust, objective and predictive method that offers promise for detecting mild traumatic brain injury, in particular because collecting event-related potentials data is noninvasive and inexpensive.
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Clinical biomechanics · Mar 2019
Screws with larger core diameter and lower thread pitch increase the stability of locked plating in osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures.
Little is known about the screw design as a factor for stability of the bone-implant interface in locking plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures. Aim of the present study was to analyze if locking screws with a large core diameter and a low thread pitch provide increased stability when compared to conventional locking screws. ⋯ Controlled laboratory study.
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Clinical biomechanics · Mar 2019
Are there benefits of a 2D gait analysis in the evaluation of the subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis? Short-term investigation in children.
A juvenile flexible flatfoot is a common abnormality during growth. For children with a pathological manifestation, subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis is a popular operative technique. Although this minimally invasive operation technique has been performed for >45 years, complications still occasionally occur. For this reason, we created this pilot study to investigate whether a two-dimensional (2D) gait analysis is able to identify functional movement deficits after surgery. ⋯ By means of the 2D gait analysis, we were able to show functional improvement after subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis. Nonetheless, we identified a few children who still had functional abnormalities. Certainly, it is unclear whether this additional examination is able to reveal all complications that would have occurred later.