Perfusion
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Using a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we investigated the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). ⋯ RIPC could improve the ability of spatial learning and memory after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion probably due to its protection of the cholinergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region.
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Anemia is an independent predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), possibly due to inadequate renal oxygen delivery. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CPB and anemia on tissue oxygen tension (pO2) and blood flow in the renal cortex and medulla. ⋯ The clear difference in the degree of hypoxia in the renal cortex and medulla may be useful in understanding the progress of medullary hypoxia during CPB with anemia and the potential development of AKI. Further studies should aim at identifying early markers of medullary hypoxia and potential agents that may decrease the work and O2 consumption in the renal medulla to reduce the risk of hypoxic damage during CPB and anemia.
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State-of-the-art cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) restores circulation with inconsistent blood-flow and pressure. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) following CPR opens the opportunity for "controlled reperfusion". In animal experiments investigating CPR with ECLS, systemic anticoagulation before induced cardiac arrest is normal, but a major point of dispute, since preliminary heparinization in patients undergoing unwitnessed cardiac arrest is impossible. ⋯ We demonstrated that preliminary heparin administration was not necessary for survival or neurological recovery in this setting. Heparin flushing of the cannulae seemed sufficient to avoid thrombus formation. These findings may ease the way to using ECLS in patients with sudden cardiac arrest.