Indian journal of medical microbiology
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Indian J Med Microbiol · Oct 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyCorrelation between In vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome with azithromycin in gonorrhoea: a prospective study.
This prospective study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by E -test with special reference to azithromycin. Also, the correlation between in vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome with single 2 g oral dose azithromycin was assessed. ⋯ Results of our study indicate that 2 g single oral dose azithromycin is safe and effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea.
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Indian J Med Microbiol · Jul 2007
ReviewReview of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis.
Infection with Brucella spp. continues to pose a human health risk globally despite strides in eradicating the disease from domestic animals. Brucellosis has been an emerging disease since the discovery of Brucella melitensis by Sir David Bruce in 1887. Although many countries have eradicated B. abortus from cattle, in some areas B. melitensis and B. suis have emerged as causes of this infection in cattle, leading to human infections. ⋯ A safe and effective vaccine in humans is not yet available. Prevention is dependent upon the control of the disease in animal hosts, effective heat treatment of dairy produce and hygienic precautions to prevent occupational exposure. This review compiles the experiences and diagnostic and treatment paradigms currently employed in fighting this disease.
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Indian J Med Microbiol · Apr 2006
The role of quantitative cultures of non-bronchoscopic samples in ventilator associated pneumonia.
The objective of this study is to determine the role of quantitative cultures of non-bronchoscopic samples such as blinded bronchial sampling (BBS) and endotracheal aspirates (ETA) in the management of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). The study also evaluates the clinical diagnosis of VAP based on the inclusion of Gram stain results of BBS/ETA samples into modified clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS). ⋯ Quantitative culture of lower respiratory tract samples obtained by non-bronchoscopic methods may be a useful alternative to bronchoscopy, in the diagnosis of VAP. Inclusion of Gram stain results of BBS/ETA into modified-CPIS may augment the diagnostic evaluation of VAP.
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Indian J Med Microbiol · Apr 2006
Treatment of enteric fever in children on the basis of current trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A.
Recent reports indicate decreased susceptibility of S. typhi to fluoroquinolones, especially ciprofloxacin. Chloramphenicol has been suggested as first line therapy of enteric fever in many studies. This is a prospective study that describes the trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. typhi and S. paratyphi A causing bacteraemia in children and reports therapeutic failure to ciprofloxacin and evaluates the possible use of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins as first line therapy in the treatment of enteric fever in children. ⋯ There is an urgent need for further clinical studies to evaluate response to chloramphenicol in such cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility data and MIC distribution favour use of ampicillin as a drug of choice for the treatment of enteric fever. Third generation cephalosporins are also useful but their use should be restricted for complicated cases.
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Indian J Med Microbiol · Oct 2005
Case ReportsEcthyma gangrenosum: a rare cutaneous manifestation caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa without bacteraemia in a leukaemic patient--a case report.
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare and invasive cutaneous infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the majority of cases, typically affecting immunocompromised patients, particularly those with neutropenia. We report a rare case of ecthyma gangrenosum in the absence of bacteraemia presenting as a solitary necrotic ulcer in a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. ⋯ The patient responded well to amikacin to which the isolate was susceptible in vitro. Considering high rate of mortality, early diagnosis and prompt effective treatment is mandatory.