Renal failure
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are implicated in many fibrotic diseases, including renal fibrosis. Whether Ginsenoside-Rg1 (G-Rg1) could attenuate renal fibrosis via suppression of ER stress and UPR has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of G-Rg1 on ER stress and UPR-induced apoptosis in kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. ⋯ G-Rg1 suppresses renal cell apoptotic and fibrotic process partly through inhibition of ERS- and UPR-related apoptotic pathway in the kidneys after UUO.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some studies have suggested that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system provides additive benefits in DN but others showed increased adverse events. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for DN. ⋯ Our meta-analysis suggests that combination therapy can be used on DN with proteinuria, but should be used with caution in those with decreased renal function, especially with severe renal failure.
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Dexmedetomidine (dex) is a potent, highly selective and specific α2-adrenoreceptor agonist. This experimental study was designed to investigate protective and therapeutic effect of two different doses of dex, on kidney damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, each including 10 animals: control group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group; treated groups with 10 μg/kg of dex and 100 μg/kg of dex. ⋯ In the I/R group, there was also extensive tubular necrosis, glomerular damage in the histological evaluation. Dex ameliorated these histological damages in different amounts in two treatment groups. In this study, the protective effects of dex against renal I/R injury have been evaluated by two different amount of doses.
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Ischemic acute kidney injury is a common occurrence in the perioperative period and in critical patients admitted to intensive care units. The reestablishment of blood supply may worsen injury through the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mechanism. We investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on the kidneys of rats subjected to an experimental I/R model. ⋯ The levels of NGAL did not indicate either protection against or worsening of kidney injury. Histological examination for acute tubular necrosis showed that dexmedetomidine did not protect the kidneys from I/R.
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Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is postulated to be a highly sensitive and specific marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting serum and urine total NGAL in preterm newborns, limiting the role of this new potential marker of AKI. ⋯ We conclude that inflammatory status and prematurity limits the specificity of total NGAL measurement as a marker of AKI.