Renal failure
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Purpose: The results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) are still inconsistent. Materials and methods: We searched for RCTs, as well as relevant references, focusing on the timing of RRT for AKI patients in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Chinese databases from their inception to December 2018. Results: We included 18 RCTs from 1997 to 2018 involving 2856 patients. ⋯ There was also no difference in the incidence of dialysis independence (RR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.2, p = .2) (I2 = 0). However, an early RRT strategy was associated with a significantly higher incidence of the need for RRT for AKI patients (RR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.36, p < .01) (I2 = 34%). Conclusions: As no life-threatening complications occurred, there was no evidence to show any benefit of an early RRT strategy for critically ill or community-acquired AKI patients; in contrast, a delayed strategy might avert the need for RRT.
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Meta Analysis
Incidence and impact of acute kidney injury on patients with implantable left ventricular assist devices: a Meta-analysis.
Background: We aimed to evaluate the acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence and its associated risk of mortality in patients with implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Methods: A systematic literature search in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases was conducted through January 2020 to identify studies that provided data on the AKI incidence and AKI-associated mortality risk in adult patients with implantable LVADs. Pooled effect estimates were examined using random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian-Laird. ⋯ Conclusion: We found that more than one-third of LVAD patients develop AKI based on standard definitions, and 13% develop severe AKI requiring RRT. There has been a potential improvement in the incidence of severe AKI requiring RRT for LVAD patients. AKI in LVAD patients was associated with increased 30-day and 1 year mortality.
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The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. ⋯ Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) versus those of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulation for CVVH in severe hypercalcemia patients. ⋯ In patients with severe hypercalcemia who underwent CVVH, RCA more effectively decreased calcium levels and had a superior filter lifespan and no obvious adverse events compared with LMWH. Further prospective, randomized, controlled studies are warranted to obtain robust evidence.
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Whether exercise can improve cardiovascular health in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in this population setting. ⋯ Exercise intervention in KTRs improves arterial stiffness but does not consistently contribute to the modification of other CVD risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, decreased kidney function and obesity. Exercise also improves exercise tolerance and QOL in KTRs.