Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
-
In 1985 a diploma program in anaesthesia was established in Kathmandu, Nepal, as a joint venture between the Institute of Medicine in Kathmandu and the University of Calgary. Development of the program and of the specialty in the capital city of Kathmandu was continuously documented during the next five years by local and visiting faculty. In 1990 teams of two Nepali and one Canadian anaesthetist also conducted a survey of each of the seven 50-100 bed zonal hospitals which did not previously have a trained anaesthetist and which are now staffed by graduates of the diploma program. ⋯ Additional Nepali anaesthetists have returned from training abroad, and the Society of Anaesthesiologists of Nepal, which joined the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists in 1988, now has 34 members. An annual anaesthesiology symposium is held, and weekly clinical meetings are organized in the major hospitals in Kathmandu. Anaesthetists who work in the zonal hospitals have limited supplies of drugs and equipment and opportunities for continuing medical education are virtually nonexistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Transcranial Doppler: response of cerebral blood-flow velocity to carbon dioxide in anaesthetized children.
To determine the effect of carbon dioxide on the cerebral circulation in anaesthetized infants and children, 13 healthy children, ASA physical status I or II, between three months and seven years of age and scheduled for urologic surgery, were studied. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and vecuronium. After tracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained with 70 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen, fentanyl 2 micrograms.kg-1, vecuronium 0.05 mg.kg-1 and 0.8-1.0 per cent end-tidal isoflurane. ⋯ Cerebral blood flow velocity increased logarithmically and directly with the PETCO2 (r2 = 0.56). There were no complications associated with the use of transcranial Doppler sonography. These data indicate that CO2 has a direct effect on the velocity of blood in the middle cerebral artery in infants and children anaesthetized with isoflurane.
-
The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum gastrin levels are increased by reflexogenic stimuli applied to the extrinsic muscles of the eye. Serum gastrin and blood glucose concentrations were measured in ten normal children aged between 5 and 12 yr during general anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide and during strabismus surgery. Fasting basal concentrations of gastrin (33.6 +/- 14.8 pg.ml-1) and of glucose (4.43 +/- 0.72 mmol. ⋯ Serum gastrin levels did not differ between children who vomited and children who did not (44.3 +/- 18.5 pg.ml-1 vs 47.1 +/- 16.9 pg.ml-1, respectively). Vomiting after strabismus surgery cannot be attributed to high gastrin serum levels. Consequently, it is unlikely that vomiting after strabismus surgery is linked to an "oculogastric reflex" with the vagus nerve as the efferent pathway.