Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Cumulation characteristics of cisatracurium and rocuronium during continuous infusion.
The dissimilar pharmacokinetic properties of cisatracurium (CIS) and rocuronium (ROC) predict different potential for drug cumulation when these drugs are administered by continuous infusion. A study was therefore undertaken to compare cumulation potential of CIS and ROC during surgical procedures of relatively long duration (2-4 hr). ⋯ When adjusted to equipotency, infusion requirements of CIS and ROC vary at similar rates during general anesthesia. Despite pharmacokinetic differences, neither drug demonstrates cumulation for infusion lasting up to 3.5 hr.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Clonidine prolongs the effect of ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade.
To evaluate the effect of adding clonidine to ropivacaine, for axillary brachial plexus blockade, on the onset and duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia. ⋯ The addition of 150 microg of clonidine to ropivacaine, for brachial plexus blockade, prolongs motor and sensory block and analgesia, without an increased incidence of side effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
5-HT3 receptor antagonists vs traditional agents for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Numerous antiemetics have been studied for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) including traditional agents (metoclopramide, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, cyclizine and droperidol) and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron and tropisetron). The results have been divergent and inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5HT3 receptor antagonists compared to traditional antiemetics for the prevention of PONV METHODS: A systematic search of the English language literature using computerized MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Pre-MEDLINE databases from 1966 to October 1999 and a manual search of references from retrieved articles were performed. Individual efficacy and adverse effect data was extracted from each of the studies according to a predefined protocol. The summary odds ratios were calculated using the Dersimonian and Laird method under a random effects model. ⋯ The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are superior to traditional antiemetic agents for the prevention of PONV and vomiting. The reduction in the odds of PONV and vomiting is significant in the overall analysis and the subgroup analyses comparing 5-HT3 receptor antagonists with droperidol and metoclopramide.
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Comparative Study
Train-of-four fade and neuromuscular block in rats: a comparison between pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium.
To clarify the relationship between neuromuscular block and train-of-four fade and to investigate the causes of these drug-dependent differences, we compared the neuromuscular block and TOF fade after pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium. ⋯ For vecuronium and rocuronium, the results were similar in vivo and in vitro. For pancuronium, fade was greater in vivo. These results suggest that different neuromuscular blocking agent have different relationships between the fade and the block. In vitro results might not be the same as in vivo, possibly due to pharmacokinetic differences.
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To determine occupational exposure of the anesthesiologist and surgeon to nitrous oxide and desflurane during general anesthesia for ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery in children and adults. ⋯ Under modern air conditioning, occupational exposure to inhalational anesthetics is low, and inhalational anesthesia is safe from the standpoint of modern workplace laws and health-care regulations.