Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
The effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication is a newly introduced method for reducing stress and anxiety before general anesthesia in children. We performed a meta-analysis to identify the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in children. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine provided more satisfactory sedation at parent separation and reduced the need for rescue analgesics and the incidence of nasal irritation and postoperative nausea and vomiting when compared with other premedication treatments.
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Good pain control is not a normal part of surgical care in sub-Saharan Africa due to lack of resources. The primary objective of this study was to determine an efficacious dose of subcutaneous ketamine for postoperative pain for use in a future randomized controlled trial. ⋯ Adding subcutaneous ketamine to standard analgesic measures resulted in decreases in postoperative pain scores without serious side effects. These data can be used to inform a randomized controlled trial to compare subcutaneous ketamine plus standard care with placebo plus standard care for reducing postoperative pain.
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In this Continuing Professional Development module, we review the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations associated with massive hemorrhage as well as laboratory investigations and appropriate therapeutic measures. In addition to reviewing the available blood/plasma products and adjunct therapy, we also explore the role of the anesthesiologist in a massive transfusion protocol scenario. ⋯ Massive hemorrhage is a multidisciplinary challenge that requires immediate response and communication between clinicians, nurses, other healthcare providers, laboratory testing, and blood banks. Basic knowledge and utilization of available products and therapies are inconsistent. A massive transfusion protocol can be used effectively to reduce chaos and ensure that correct treatments and proper dosing occur in a timely manner.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Contribution of the nasal passage to face mask ventilation: a prospective blinded randomized crossover trial.
Previous studies have shown that the nasal passage plays an important role in manual face mask ventilation, but this has yet to be quantitatively assessed. We conducted a prospective randomized crossover clinical trial to compare the change in pressure-controlled face mask tidal volume with and without nasal airway occlusion. ⋯ Nasal passage obstruction considerably reduces tidal volume achieved during face mask ventilation. In some patients, it may be advantageous to relieve nasal airway obstruction for effective face mask ventilation.