Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and haemodynamic variables were recorded every 30 min for four hours in 15 patients recovering from hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). All patients had been anaesthetised with fentanyl 40 micrograms.kg-1, supplemented with isoflurane, and pancuronium 0.15 mg.kg-1 for muscle relaxation. Three of the 15 patients (20 per cent) shivered, defined as intermittent or continuous, vigorous movements of chest or limb muscles. ⋯ By four hours there was no significant difference between the two groups; however, the VO2 in both groups (160.5 +/- 21.3 ml.min-1.m-2 and 173.9 +/- 12.3 ml.min-1.m-2 respectively) was approximately twice values commonly measured in anaesthetized patients. Patients who shivered had a significantly higher heart rate and cardiac index and significantly lower SvO2. We conclude that the high VO2 and VCO2 associated with shivering causing increased myocardial work may be detrimental to patients who have impaired cardiac function post-coronary artery surgery (CAS).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Low-dose sufentanil as a supplement to halothane/N2O anaesthesia in infants and children.
Sufentanil as a supplement to halothane/N2O anaesthesia was evaluated in 32 unpremedicated infants and children age 6 months to 9 yr undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive one of four intravenous supplements: placebo, sufentanil 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 micrograms.kg-1. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR) and end-tidal halothane concentration were recorded before and after induction, supplement administration, tracheal intubation, incision and every 15 min during the procedure. ⋯ One patient in the sufentanil 1.0 micrograms.kg-1 group whose surgical time was less than 45 min exhibited respiratory depression in the PACU requiring narcotic reversal. In conclusion, sufentanil 0.5 micrograms.kg-1 improved immediate postoperative pain relief and is acceptable as a supplement during halothane anasethesia in infants and children. The associated side effects of larger doses of sufentanil (1.0 and 1.5 micrograms.kg-1) make their use as a supplement to halothane anaesthesia unacceptable.
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Case Reports
Atypical malignant hyperthermia with persistent hyperkalaemia during renal transplantation.
A 35-year-old 110 kg male developed marked hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercapnia and hyperthermia during living-related renal transplantation under anaesthesia with oxygen-nitrous oxide, isoflurane and muscle relaxation with atracurium. This is the first report of successfully treated malignant hyperthermia triggered by isoflurane during renal transplantation with early appearance and persistent (to 12 hours after surgery) electrolyte abnormalities.
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Case Reports
Percutaneous transtracheal high frequency jet ventilation as an aid to difficult intubation.
A case is described where prophylactic high frequency jet ventilation through a percutaneous transtracheal cannula was performed. This guaranteed adequate ventilation of a patient who was known to be difficult to intubate, enabling a paralyzing dose of succinylcholine to be given and intubation to be performed safely in a well oxygenated patient scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting.
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The perioperative records of 354 consecutive patients undergoing craniotomy for surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy performed with conscious-sedation analgesia were reviewed retrospectively. There was no perioperative morbidity or mortality identified which could be attributed to the anaesthetic technique. ⋯ Less frequent problems included excessive sedation (three per cent), "tight brain" (1.4 per cent) and local anaesthetic toxicity (two per cent). This study confirms that conscious-sedation analgesia provides suitable conditions for craniotomies when brain mapping is required.