The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2014
ReviewSystematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on immunogenicity.
Despite the breadth of studies demonstrating benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), uncertainty remains regarding the optimal PCV dosing schedule in infants. ⋯ While giving the third dose in the second year of life produces a higher antibody response than when given as part of the primary series in the first 6 months, the lower GMC between the 2-dose primary series and booster may result in less disease protection for infants in that interval than those who completed the 3-dose primary series. Theoretical advantages of higher antibodies induced by giving the third dose in the second year of life, such as increased protection against serotype 1 disease, longer duration of protection or more rapid induction of herd effects, need to be evaluated in practice.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2014
Multicenter StudyPharmacokinetics and 48-week safety and antiviral activity of fosamprenavir-containing regimens in HIV-infected 2- to 18-year-old children.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and antiviral activity of twice-daily fosamprenavir with or without ritonavir were evaluated in 2- to 18-year-old protease inhibitor-naïve and -experienced HIV-1-infected children. ⋯ Fosamprenavir regimens administered to HIV-1-infected children aged 2-18 years were generally well-tolerated and provided sustained antiviral activity over 48 weeks, with plasma amprenavir exposures comparable with or higher than adults.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2014
Temporal trends in emergency department visits for bronchiolitis in the United States, 2006 to 2010.
To examine temporal trends in emergency departments (EDs) visits for bronchiolitis among US children between 2006 and 2010. ⋯ Between 2006 and 2010, we found a divergent temporal trend in the rate of bronchiolitis ED visits by age group. Despite a significant increase in associated ED charges, ED-associated hospital admission rates for bronchiolitis significantly decreased over this same period.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2014
Parapneumonic pleural effusions caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 in children immunized with 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine.
During 2012, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 was identified by polymerase chain reaction in 15 out of 20 (75%) pleural fluid specimens from children with pneumococcal pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic pleural effusion in Greece. One-third of these children had been immunized with the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine after the age of 12 months, according to the national immunization schedule.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2014
Use of population-based surveillance to determine the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in an urban slum and a rural setting in Kenya.
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a major cause of mortality among children <2 years of age. Disease burden data are important for introducing and sustaining new rotavirus vaccines in immunization programs. ⋯ Community-based surveillance in urban and rural Kenya suggests that rotavirus plays an important role as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in adults, as well as in children. In addition to substantially preventing illness and complications from diarrheal disease in children, rotavirus infant immunization has the potential of indirectly preventing diarrheal disease in older children and adults, assuming children are the predominant sources of transmission.