The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Observational StudyFebrile young infants with altered urinalysis at low risk for invasive bacterial infection. a Spanish Pediatric Emergency Research Network's Study.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection (SBI) in infants younger than 90 days of age. Many physicians admit infants younger than 90 days old because of their greater risk of developing invasive bacterial infections (IBIs), secondary to UTI. The primary objective of this study was to design a prediction model to identify febrile infants younger than 90 days old with an altered urinalysis who were at low risk for IBI and suitable for outpatient management ⋯ We have derived a highly accurate prediction model for IBI in febrile infants with altered urinalysis. Given these results, outpatient management might be suitable for 1 of each 4 infants diagnosed, with a considerable improvement in resource utilization.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialImmunogenicity and safety of inactivated quadrivalent and trivalent influenza vaccines in children 18-47 months of age.
Because inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) contain 1 influenza B strain, whereas 2 lineages may co-circulate, B lineage mismatch is frequent. We assessed an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) containing both B lineages versus TIV in young children. ⋯ QIV provided superior immunogenicity for the alternate-lineage B strain compared with TIV without interfering with immune responses to shared strains. Further studies are warranted to assess QIVs in children and to establish the clinical benefits of QIV versus TIV.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialImmunogenicity and tolerability of an MF59-adjuvanted, egg-derived, A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in children 6-35 months of age.
Vaccines against pandemic A/H1N1 influenza should provide protective immunity in children, because they are at greater risk of disease than adults. This study was conducted to identify the optimal dose of an MF59®-adjuvanted, egg-derived, A/H1N1 influenza vaccine for young children. ⋯ In this study, a single dose of 3.75 μg antigen with half the standard dose of MF59 was shown to be optimal, providing adequate levels of immediate and long-term antibodies in pediatric subjects 6-35 months of age. These data demonstrated that MF59 adjuvant allowed for reduced antigen content and promoted significant long-term antibody persistence in children, with a satisfactory safety profile.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialMechanism for prevention of infection in preterm neonates by topical emollients: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Topical applications of emollients such as sunflower seed oil and Aquaphor have been shown to reduce the incidence of bloodstream infections and mortality of preterm infants in resource-poor settings. The causal mechanism for prevention of infection through cutaneous portals of entry is not well understood. ⋯ Skin condition deteriorated progressively after birth and compromised skin condition increased the risk of infection. Emollients preserved skin integrity and thus prevented infection in preterm neonates. To optimize benefits of emollients for the prevention of bloodstream infection, use of emollients should begin immediately after birth when the skin is still intact.