The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyLive-attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Dengue-naïve Children, Adolescents, and Adults in Mexico City: Randomized Controlled Phase 1 Trial of Safety and Immunogenicity.
Preliminary results in healthy, young US adults showed that a tetravalent, live-attenuated dengue vaccine (TDV) was safe and immunogenic, but no data are available in children. ⋯ A 3-dose TDV regimen had a favorable safety profile in children and adults and elicited neutralizing antibody responses against all 4 serotypes. These findings support the continued development of this vaccine.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2011
Long-term outcome of children receiving antiretroviral treatment in rural South Africa: substantial virologic failure on first-line treatment.
Long-term (>12 months follow-up) virologic data of children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Data from rural areas are especially scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term virologic outcome of a pediatric cohort in rural South Africa. ⋯ ART provides significant benefits for children in this rural African setting, but the finding that a large proportion of children had virologic failure and developed major drug-resistance mutations on first-line ART is worrying. Causes of failure need to be analyzed and effective prevention strategies are needed. Because of the lack of a correlation between immunologic and virologic failure, treatment failure generally stays unnoticed in settings where HIV-RNA testing is not available.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Dec 2010
Intensive care admissions for children with imported malaria in the United kingdom.
This study describes 977 children with imported malaria in England and Wales between 2004 and 2008, focusing on 29 (3.0%) patients admitted to intensive care, of whom 10 had cerebral malaria, 4 required inotropes, and 1 had concurrent septicemia. The remaining 14 were admitted for monitoring only. None died, but 1 child developed cerebellar infarction.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2010
Clinical TrialOral ivermectin for treatment of pediculosis capitis.
Pediculosis capitis is a highly transmissible infestation prevalent worldwide. It is an important public health problem mainly affecting children. The emergence of drug resistance and high rates of treatment failure with several topical agents makes ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug, an attractive therapeutic option for lice control. ⋯ Ivermectin demonstrates high efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of pediculosis capitis in children. A significant number of children required a second dose to ensure complete eradication.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2010
Hospital-based surveillance to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination in São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in São Paulo. Our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE). ⋯ After vaccine implementation, a marked decline in rotavirus AGE hospitalizations was demonstrated among children younger than 5 years of age, with the greatest reduction in the age groups targeted for vaccination. The predominance of genotype G2P[4] highlights the need of continued postlicensure surveillance studies.