The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2020
ReviewCOVID-19 in Children, Pregnancy and Neonates: A Review of Epidemiologic and Clinical Features.
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe. In contrast to initial reports, recent studies suggest that children are just as likely as adults to become infected with the virus but have fewer symptoms and less severe disease. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic and clinical features of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported in pediatric case series to date. ⋯ Thirty-seven percent of women delivered preterm. Neonatal complications included respiratory distress or pneumonia (18%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (3%), asphyxia (2%) and 2 perinatal deaths. Four neonates (3 with pneumonia) have been reported to be SARS-CoV-2 positive despite strict infection control and prevention procedures during delivery and separation of mother and neonates, meaning vertical transmission could not be excluded.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2020
Epidemic and Inter-epidemic Burden of Pediatric Human Parechovirus Infection in New South Wales, Australia, 2017-2018.
Human parechovirus (HPeV) typically infects young children, and although infection is often asymptomatic, some types (eg, HPeV3) are associated with severe clinical manifestations, including central nervous system infection or sepsis-like syndrome, particularly affecting young infants. The third documented national epidemic of HPeV occurred in Australia in 2017-2018. ⋯ The large burden of HPeV infection and disease identified in young infants in this and previous Australian studies highlight the need for more comprehensive national surveillance of HPeV infections and improved prevention strategies.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2020
ReviewCoronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. ⋯ The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Dec 2019
Comparative StudyPrevalence of Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infant 61-90 Days Old Compared With Younger Infants.
The objective is to compare the prevalence of serious bacterial infection (SBI) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in febrile infants <60 days of age and in those between 61 and 90 days. ⋯ The prevalence of IBI in febrile infants between 61 and 90 days of age is high enough to support the recommendation for obtaining urine and blood tests in this population.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Aug 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialSafety of Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 in Healthy Children 2-5 Years of Age.
Probiotics are increasingly used for diarrhea, but studies under the Food and Drug Administration and Investigational New Drug program are few. We conducted a phase-one placebo-controlled study of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 under Investigational New Drug program in 60 children 2-5 years of age (41 L. reuteri, 19 placebos) in a resource-constrained community in Peru. No differences in objective data on adverse events were noted, although some differences based on subjective parental reports for fever and diarrhea were seen.