The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOtoscopic and tympanometric findings in acute otitis media yielding dry tap at tympanocentesis.
The value of tympanometry in detection of middle ear effusion (MEE) has been widely studied in otitis media with effusion. There has been no direct comparison of tympanometric and tympanocentesis (TAP) findings in acute otitis media (AOM). We compared otoscopic, tympanometric and TAP findings in AOM including cases of AOM without effusion. ⋯ Although otoscopic and tympanometric findings suggested the presence of MEE in AOM, MEE was unobtainable by TAP in 14% of cases. Dry tap cases likely represent early AOM before accumulation of detectable MEE. However, technical difficulty in obtaining small amounts of or highly viscous MEE could not be excluded. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of abnormal tympanograms in detection of MEE in AOM cases are comparable with those in otitis media with effusion.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2004
Comparative StudyRhinovirus-associated wheezing in infancy: comparison with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
There is increasing evidence that rhinoviruses (RV) are able to cause lower airway infections and to induce wheezing in young children. There are few data on the clinical characteristics of RV infections in infants. ⋯ RV-associated wheezing and RSV bronchiolitis, although having rather similar clinical characteristics, differ significantly with regard to age, presence of atopic dermatitis and eosinophilia during infection.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2004
Comparative StudyAlternative, age- and viral load-related routes of nelfinavir resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
To assess prevalence of nelfinavir resistance mutations in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, sequencing of protease gene from plasma of 53 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children was performed. The prevalence of L90M was similar to that of D30N. There was a significant correlation with a higher viral load and lower age and the occurrence of L90M. These findings suggest differential molecular age- and viral load-related routes for nelfinavir resistance.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2004
ReviewSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis, disease and vaccines: an update.
A novel coronavirus has recently been identified as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The ability of this family of positive strand RNA viruses to move between species and cause severe disease in humans, with the potential for pandemic spread, has been confirmed. ⋯ The availability of reverse genetic systems has made it possible to engineer and recover coronavirus variants that contain multiple genetically stable mutations that grow well in culture but are attenuated for replication, virulence or both. Such variants will be platforms for the safe growth of SARS-CoV and candidates for live attenuated vaccines.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 2004
Comparative StudyRisk of bacterial infection in previously healthy respiratory syncytial virus-infected young children admitted to the intensive care unit.
To evaluate the risk of bacterial infection and use of antibiotics in otherwise healthy children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ In otherwise healthy infants admitted to the ICU with RSV infection, bacteremia, urinary tract infection and meningitis are uncommon. Although bacterial pneumonia in this cohort may be more prevalent, overdiagnosis is common.