Neurology India
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of adult mortality and morbidity. Erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to promote the viability of cerebral cells by upregulating Bcl-2 gene; however, Epo may exert its antiapoptotic effect via the differential regulation of the expression of genes involved in the apoptotic process. ⋯ Epo exerts neuroprotective effect against traumatic brain injury via reducing Bax gene expression involved in inhibiting TBI-induced neuronal cell death.
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Tuberculosis is endemic in developing countries. However, calvarial tuberculosis is rare, even in areas where tuberculosis is endemic. In the literature, only few case series of calvarial tuberculosis have been reported. ⋯ A high index of suspicion and knowledge is required for early diagnosis of calvarial tuberculosis. Surgery and antituberculous therapy remains the mainstay of treatment.
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Clinical Trial
Gamma knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations located in eloquent regions of the brain.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective treatment strategy for selected group of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). ⋯ AVMs located in eloquent and in deep locations can be treated safely with stereotactic radiosurgery with acceptable obliteration rates and minimal morbidity.
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Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) associated with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) can cause long-lasting disabilities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation in these patients may demonstrate structural lesions that correlate with functional deficits on neuropsychological testing. However, little is known about the significance of the relationship between structural lesions on MRI, functional deficits on neuropsychological evaluation and outcome in patients with MTBI. ⋯ Prefrontal dysfunction is invariably associated with PCS following MTBI. Structural lesions on MRI may not always be present but when present may influence the degree or severity of the symptoms.