Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Oct 2001
Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: frequency, risk factors, and complications.
To study the frequency of and risk factors for increased gastric aspirate volume (GAV) and upper digestive intolerance and their complications during enteral nutrition (EN) in critically ill patients. ⋯ In ICU patients receiving nasogastric tube feeding, high gastric aspirate volume was frequent, occurred early, and was more frequent in patients with sedation or catecholamines. High gastric aspirate volume was an early marker of upper digestive intolerance, which was associated with a higher incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, a longer ICU stay, and a higher ICU mortality.
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Critical care medicine · Oct 2001
Comparative StudyDifferential activation pattern of redox-sensitive transcription factors and stress-inducible dilator systems heme oxygenase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock.
To investigate the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) for hepatic gene expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in models of hemorrhagic or endotoxic shock. ⋯ These data suggest that AP-1 but not NF-kappaB activation is dependent on reactive oxygen intermediates in vivo and contributes to HO-1 gene expression. Thus, AP-1-dependent HO-1 induction under oxidative stress conditions may subserve a similar function as a stress-inducible vasodilator system as does NF-kappaB-dependent iNOS expression in liver inflammation.