Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Mar 2006
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate prevented endotoxemia, macrophage activation, and liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats.
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP) protects organs against a wide range of challenges involving inflammation. We hypothesized that the primary action of F1,6BP is to prevent macrophage activation and cytokine release. Our aim was to determine the tissue and cellular targets for this bisphosphorylated sugar and to provide new insights into its mechanisms of action. ⋯ The role of exogenous F1,6BP as a K+ channel modulator underlies its antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory action and increases its interest as a protective compound.
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Critical care medicine · Mar 2006
A novel adsorbent of circulating bacterial toxins and cytokines: the effect of direct hemoperfusion with CTR column for the treatment of experimental endotoxemia.
The current study examined the ability of a new adsorbent, CTR, to remove enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and cytokines from blood and/or serum in vitro and the effects of the extracorporeal treatment with CTR column on mortality rate and inflammatory responses to endotoxic shock in vivo. ⋯ CTR, a novel adsorbent, effectively adsorbed small- to middle-sized proteins, such as cytokines, enterotoxins, and TSST-1 in vitro. Direct hemoperfusion apheresis with CTR column reduced mortality and had inhibitory effects on the inflammatory responses during endotoxemia in vivo. These findings suggest that extracorporeal blood purification with CTR column may be available to use for patients with sepsis and/or endotoxemia.
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Critical care medicine · Mar 2006
Insulin attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in conscious rats.
To investigate the effects of insulin on the acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide using a conscious rat model. ⋯ Insulin is effective in reducing or preventing the lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in plasma nitrate/nitrite and methyl guanidine and the occurrence of acute lung injury.
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Critical care medicine · Mar 2006
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis improves survival and inflammation in a two-hit model of hemorrhage and sepsis.
We evaluated the effects of a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis in two clinically relevant situations, hemorrhage on the day before infection (e.g., trauma) and acute hemorrhage followed subsequently by infection (e.g., operative complication). A two-hit model of hemorrhage and polymicrobial peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) was used to assess the influence of G-CSF on the outcome, bacterial clearance, and cytokine pattern. ⋯ Hemorrhage (first hit) sensitized the host for a second hit of polymicrobial PCI independent of the timing. G-CSF prophylaxis improved survival and clearance of microbes and reduced the proinflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the lung.