Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Jan 2011
Comparative StudyDoes triage to critical care during a pandemic necessarily result in more survivors?
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic reinforced the need for a planned response to increased demand for critical care. Triage protocols have been proposed incorporating the exclusion of specified subgroups of patients from critical care. There have been no studies that explore the theoretical underpinning of triage at referral, and it is not clear under what circumstances triage would confer the intended benefits. We sought to explore the mechanisms whereby triage could lead to fewer deaths across a critical care population in the context of a pandemic. ⋯ The impact of triage is dependent on the level of demand and on the scale of achievable differences between included and excluded groups in terms of anticipated length of stay and critical care survival. It cannot be assumed that triage can or will result in fewer deaths. It should be remembered that there are considerations other than population-level short-term survival when determining the objectives of triage and its ethical implementation.
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Critical care medicine · Jan 2011
ReviewPartial do-not-resuscitate orders: A hazard to patient safety and clinical outcomes?
Patients and families commonly discuss end-of-life decisions with clinicians to create a treatment plan based on patient wishes. In some instances, respect for patient autonomy in making choices may create the potential for patient harm. Medical treatments are often performed in groupings in order to work effectively. When such combinations are separated as a result of patient or surrogate choices, critical elements of life- saving care may be omitted, and the patient may receive nonbeneficial or harmful treatment. A partial do-not-resuscitate order may serve as an example. ⋯ Discouraging partial do-not-resuscitate(s) order may help promote more accurate and comprehensive advance care planning.
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Critical care medicine · Jan 2011
Comparative StudyDiagnosing delirium in critically ill children: Validity and reliability of the Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit.
To validate a diagnostic instrument for pediatric delirium in critically ill children, both ventilated and nonventilated, that uses standardized, developmentally appropriate measurements. ⋯ The pCAM-ICU is a highly valid reliable instrument for the diagnosis of pediatric delirium in critically ill children chronologically and developmentally at least 5 yrs of age. Use of the pCAM-ICU may expedite diagnosis and consultation with neuropsychiatry specialists for treatment of pediatric delirium. In addition, the pCAM-ICU may provide a means for delirium monitoring in future epidemiologic and interventional studies in critically ill children.
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Critical care medicine · Jan 2011
Multicenter StudyMulticenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest.
To describe a large cohort of children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with return of circulation and to identify factors in the early postarrest period associated with survival. These objectives were for planning an interventional trial of therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest. ⋯ Multiple factors were identified as associated with survival after out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with the return of circulation. Additional information available within a few hours after the return of circulation may diminish outcome associations of factors available at earlier times in regression models. These factors should be considered in the design of future interventional trials aimed to improve outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest.
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Critical care medicine · Jan 2011
Comparative StudyAntiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Few data exist to guide antiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this analysis was to describe the survival of patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction according to antiarrhythmic drug treatment. ⋯ Among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation who survive 3 hrs, amiodarone, but not lidocaine, is associated with an increased risk of death, reinforcing the need for randomized trials in this population.