Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · May 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyContinuous administration of enteral lipid- and protein-rich nutrition limits inflammation in a human endotoxemia model.
An overzealous inflammatory response is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical, trauma, and critically ill patients. Enteral administration of lipid-rich nutrition was previously shown to attenuate inflammation and reduce organ damage via a cholecystokinin-1 receptor-mediated vagovagal reflex in animal studies. The current preclinical study investigates the immunomodulatory potential of a custom-made enteral nutrition during systemic inflammation in man. ⋯ The current preclinical study expands the immunomodulating effects of enteral nutrition as previously observed in rodents to man. Continuous administration of enteral nutrition resulted in a rapid anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, enrichment of the nutritional composition with lipid and protein was shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, continuous enteral administration of lipid- and protein-rich nutrition is a promising intervention to modulate the immune response in the early course of systemic inflammation in man.
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Critical care medicine · May 2013
ReviewClinical research during a public health emergency: a systematic review of severe pandemic influenza management.
Rigorous evaluation of clinical interventions in the setting of a public health emergency is necessary to identify best practices, to develop clinical management guidelines, and to inform resource allocation. The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic necessitated care of critically ill patients around the world. To inform the World Health Organization Public Health Research Agenda for Influenza, we conducted a systematic review to identify clinical interventions other than antiviral therapies that would benefit severely ill 2009 H1N1 influenza patients (adults and children) in both high- and low-resource settings. ⋯ There is a paucity of high quality clinical research to inform clinical care of severe H1N1 influenza, and we found no beneficial interventions appropriate for low-resource settings. This may be due to the logistical difficulties of conducting clinical research in response to a public health emergency. Our investigation underscores the need for the development of outbreak-ready research capacity in both high- and low-resource settings.