Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Apr 1998
Comparative StudyEffect of advance directives on the management of elderly critically ill patients.
To evaluate the effects of advance directives on the management of elderly, critically ill patients. ⋯ Few critically ill seniors have advance directives. As assessed by objectively documented information, the level of care delivered to elderly ICU patients is not affected by the presence or absence of advance directive statements. Medical personnel need to be aware of whether or not patients have advance directive statements, as unauthorized CPR was administered to 11% of the patients who died with advance directives.
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Critical care medicine · Apr 1998
Increasing tidal volumes and pulmonary overdistention adversely affect pulmonary vascular mechanics and cardiac output in a pediatric swine model.
In a pediatric swine model, the effects of increasing tidal volumes and the subsequent development of pulmonary overdistention on cardiopulmonary interactions were studied. The objective was to test the hypothesis that increasing tidal volumes adversely affect pulmonary vascular mechanics and cardiac output. An additional goal was to determine whether the effects of pulmonary overdistention are dependent on delivered tidal volume and/or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, end-expiratory lung volume). ⋯ Increasing tidal volumes, increasing PEEP levels, and the development of pulmonary overdistention had detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system by increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and characteristic impedance while significantly decreasing cardiac output. Delivered tidal volumes of >15 mL/kg should be utilized cautiously. Careful monitoring of respiratory mechanics and cardiac function, especially in neonatal and pediatric patients, is warranted.
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Critical care medicine · Apr 1998
Right ventricular overload causes the decrease in cardiac output after nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in endotoxemia.
To determine whether the decrease in cardiac output after nitric oxide synthase inhibition in endotoxemia is due to increased left ventricular afterload or right ventricular afterload. ⋯ The decrease in cardiac output after nitric oxide synthase inhibition in endotoxemia is due to increased right ventricular afterload and not to left ventricular afterload.