Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Feb 1997
Role of superoxide and nitric oxide in platelet-activating factor-induced acute lung injury, hypotension, and mortality in rats.
To investigate the role of superoxide and nitric oxide in platelet-activating factor-induced acute lung injury, hypotension, and mortality. ⋯ These results indicate that superoxide, the derived active oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathogenesis of platelet-activating factor-induced acute lung injury. Nitric oxide does not play a major role in platelet-activating factor-induced hypotension. Nitric oxide appears to play a protective role in the acute lung injury and mortality induced by platelet-activating factor.
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Critical care medicine · Feb 1997
Inhaled nitric oxide reduces the utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
To determine if the use of inhaled nitric oxide therapy reduces the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. ⋯ In neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension, therapy with inhaled nitric oxide reliably and safely improves oxygenation, thereby resulting in a decreased need for ECMO therapy, improved patient outcome, and lower hospital costs.
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Critical care medicine · Feb 1997
The unassisted respiratory rate/tidal volume ratio accurately predicts weaning outcome in postoperative patients.
To evaluate the accuracies of the respiratory rate/tidal volume ratio (rate/volume ratio), minute volume, and negative inspired force in predicting weaning outcome in postoperative mechanically ventilated patients. ⋯ The rate/volume ratio measured at the beginning and after 30 mins of weaning is more highly predictive of weaning outcome than the negative inspired force and minute volume. The principal weakness of the rate/volume ratio is false-positive results.
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Critical care medicine · Feb 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of preoperative intentional hemodilution on the extravasation rate of albumin and fluid.
To evaluate the effects of preoperative intentional hemodilution with 4% albumin solution on the extravasation rate of intravascular albumin and fluid in surgical patients. ⋯ These results suggest that preoperative hemodilution using 4% albumin on a 1:1 volume basis for blood substitution during a prolonged surgical procedure with reduced blood losses enhances the extravasation rate of albumin and fluid to the interstitial tissues, impeding the maintenance of isovolemia. These findings support the use of a volume of infused colloid solution higher than that of withdrawn blood during preoperative hemodilution.
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Critical care medicine · Feb 1997
Spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals as a prognostic tool for the prediction of patient outcome in the intensive care unit.
To evaluate the applicability of changes in spectra of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals in the prediction of patient outcome in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). To compare the prognostic predictability of this method with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system. ⋯ Power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals offers a reasonable means of monitoring acute, critically ill patients, and may be used as an alternative prognostic tool for the prediction of patient outcome in the ICU.