Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Dec 1996
Comparative StudyCardiovascular function during the postresuscitation phase after cardiac arrest in pigs: a comparison of epinephrine versus vasopressin.
The administration of vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provides significantly more vital organ blood flow when compared with epinephrine during cardiac arrest in pigs. The effects of this potent vasoconstrictor on postresuscitation cardiovascular function remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of vasopressin and epinephrine on cardiovascular function in the postresuscitation phase after CPR. ⋯ In the early postresuscitation phase, vasopressin provided higher systemic blood pressures and there was a reversible depressant effect on myocardial function when compared with epinephrine. Overall cardiovascular function was not irreversibly or critically impaired after the administration of vasopressin in this pig model of cardiac arrest.
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Critical care medicine · Dec 1996
Meta AnalysisUltrasound guidance for placement of central venous catheters: a meta-analysis of the literature.
To evaluate the effect of real-time ultrasound guidance using a regular or Doppler ultrasound technique for placement of central venous catheters. ⋯ When used for vessel location and catheter placement real-time, ultrasound guidance or Doppler ultrasound guidance improves success rates and decreases the complications associated with internal jugular and subclavian venous catheter placement.
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Critical care medicine · Dec 1996
Effect of changing patient mix on the performance of an intensive care unit severity-of-illness model: how to distinguish a general from a specialty intensive care unit.
To analyze the effects of patient mix diversity on performance of an intensive care unit (ICU) severity-of-illness model. ⋯ The concept of critical percentages is potentially clinically important. It might provide an easy first step in checking applicability of a given severity-of-illness model and in defining a general medical-surgical ICU. If the critical percentages are exceeded, as might occur in a highly specialized ICU, the model would not be accurate. Alternative modeling approaches might be to customize the model coefficients to the population for more accurate probabilities or to develop specialized models. The MPM approach remained robust for a large variation in patient mix factors.
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Critical care medicine · Dec 1996
Endothelin-1-induced contraction of pulmonary arteries from endotoxemic rats is attenuated by the endothelin-A receptor antagonist, BQ123.
Sepsis is characterized by systemic vasodilation and hyporesponsiveness to constrictor agents, at a time when the pulmonary circulation exhibits varying degrees of vasoconstriction. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations are increased, but the role of this potent vasoconstrictor peptide in modulating the vascular response to sepsis is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of endothelin-A receptor antagonism in the response of pulmonary arteries from rats treated with lipopolysaccharide to endothelin-1, and determined the vasomotor role of the endothelin-B receptors that are known to be located on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelium. ⋯ Endothelin-A receptor blockade is an effective means of attenuating endothelin-1-induced contraction of isolated pulmonary artery rings, even from rats rendered endotoxemic. Endothelin-B receptors on the pulmonary artery cause vasodilation via the release of nitric oxide, and have no constrictor component. The functional effects of endothelin-B receptors on tone are lost after lipopolysaccharide treatment. The endothelium is involved in both the constrictor and dilator effects of endothelin in rat pulmonary artery, confirming a pivotal role for endothelial cells in the vascular response to sepsis.
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Critical care medicine · Dec 1996
Comparative StudyAcute-phase gene expression correlates with intrahepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha abundance but not with plasma tumor necrosis factor concentrations during sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the rat.
To test the hypothesis that after cecal ligation and puncture in the rat, there is increased expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/interleukin-1-dependent, acute-phase reactant alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the liver, and that this change correlates temporally with increased abundance of TNF-alpha in the hepatic parenchyma but not with circulating concentrations of TNF-alpha. ⋯ The changes in TNF-alpha-dependent hepatic gene expression that accompany an animal model of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome correlate with intrahepatic, and not circulating, TNF-alpha concentrations and reflect paracrine, and not endocrine, activity. Therefore, plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha do not appropriately reflect hepatocellular responses during the systemic inflammatory response syndrome.