The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Mar 2015
Controlled Clinical TrialDiffusion tensor imaging alterations in patients with postconcussion syndrome undergoing exercise treatment: a pilot longitudinal study.
To investigate diffusion tensor imaging characteristics in patients with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who received exercise (n = 4) and placebo stretching (n = 4) treatments compared with a group of healthy controls (n = 15). ⋯ Diffusion tensor imaging revealed spatially varying and heterogeneous localized irregularities in patients with PCS that persisted even as patient symptoms decreased and prognosis improved.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Mar 2015
Multicenter StudyNeuropsychological functioning in a national cohort of severe traumatic brain injury: demographic and acute injury-related predictors.
To determine the rates of cognitive impairment 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine the influence of demographic, injury severity, rehabilitation, and subacute functional outcomes on cognitive outcomes 1 year after severe TBI. ⋯ Findings highlight cognitive consequences of severe TBI, with nearly two-thirds of patients showing cognitive impairments in at least 1 of 3 cognitive domains. Regarding injury severity predictors, only PTA duration was related to cognitive functioning.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Mar 2015
Prevalence and predictors of externalizing behavior in young adult survivors of pediatric traumatic brain injury.
To investigate rates of clinically significant externalizing behavior (EB) in young adult survivors of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluate the contribution of pre- and postinjury risk and resilience factors to EB outcomes 16 years after injury. ⋯ Pediatric TBI is associated with an elevated risk for externalizing disorders in the transition to adulthood. Results underscore the need for screening and assessment of TBI among young offenders and suggest that early and long-term targeted interventions may be required to address risk factors for EB in children and young people with TBI.
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Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), older adults are at an increased risk of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic events, but it is unclear whether the increased risk continues after hospital discharge. We estimated incidence rates of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following hospital discharge for TBI among adults 65 years or older and compared them with pre-TBI rates. ⋯ Future studies should investigate causes of increased stroke risk post-TBI as well as effective treatment options to reduce stroke risk and improve outcomes post-TBI among older adults.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Mar 2015
Epidemiology of adults receiving acute inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury in the United States.
To estimate the overall and by age-group characteristics at admission and discharge from rehabilitation between 2001 and 2010 of all late-teens and adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States. ⋯ This study provides population estimates for all patients 16 years of age and older receiving inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of TBI in the United States between 2001 and 2010. A recent trend shows the aging of the inpatient TBI rehabilitation population. Many characteristics important to rehabilitation outcomes are influenced by age, with older individuals trending toward being female, having less severe TBIs, incurring TBIs as a result of falls, but showing less improvement during rehabilitation, greater resulting disability, and more changes in their living situation postrehabilitation. These findings are of particular interest, as the oldest age groups considered in these analyses did not include the baby boom population.