Journal of Korean medical science
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2024
ReviewFGFR Inhibitors in Urothelial Cancer: From Scientific Rationale to Clinical Development.
In the past decade, the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), including bladder cancer (BC), has transformed significantly with the introduction of diverse therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and antibody-drug conjugates. This change is partly due to advancements in genomic understanding, particularly next-generation sequencing, which has identified numerous mutations in UC. Among these therapies, erdafitinib, a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor for specific FGFR2 and FGFR3 alterations, is the only targeted therapy approved till now. ⋯ These FGFR3 genomic alterations often occur independently of mutations in other BC oncogenes, such as TP53 and RB1. This review emphasizes the importance of FGFR inhibition in UC and the optimization of its use in clinical practice. Moreover, it underscores the ongoing efforts to evaluate combination strategies and early treatment testing to enhance the effectiveness of targeted therapies for UC.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2024
Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients on Hemodialysis and Assessment of the Changes in Quality of Life After 12 Weeks of Treatment by a Dermatologist.
Cutaneous manifestations are frequently observed in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Even patients undergoing HD who frequently visit hospitals do not receive active dermatological care. The aims of this study were to assess the cutaneous manifestations of patients undergoing HD and investigate changes in their QoL before and after active treatment by dermatologists. ⋯ Patients treated with dermatological intervention by a dermatologist did not achieve greater improvements in QoL than control patients. Therefore, careful assessment of skin issues in patients with ESKD should be undertaken by nephrologists, and the best possible treatment should be administered.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2024
Impact of Early Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database.
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is an important treatment option for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the optimal timing for its initiation remains controversial. Herein, we investigated the clinical outcomes of early continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT), defined as CKRT initiation within 6 hours of sepsis-associated AKI onset, which was earlier than the initiation time defined in previous studies. ⋯ Early CKRT initiation improved the survival of patients with sepsis-associated AKI. Initiation of CKRT should be considered as early as possible after sepsis-associated AKI onset, preferably within 6 hours.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2024
Impact of Palivizumab in Preventing Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis using palivizumab effectively reduces RSV-associated morbidity in preterm infants. In Korea, national insurance coverage for palivizumab was implemented in October 2016 for moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) infants born during the RSV season (October-March) who have older siblings. However, no large-scale studies have investigated the changes in the incidence and risk of severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) after insurance coverage implementation for MLPT infants. ⋯ The risks of severe ALRI outcomes decreased in Korea following the 2016 insurance implementation of palivizumab prophylaxis for MLPT infants born during the RSV season with older siblings.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Nov 2024
Active Surveillance for Safety Monitoring of XBB.1.5-Containing COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Korea.
The emergence of the omicron variant and its sub-lineages has necessitated vaccine updates for coronavirus disease 2019. In September 2023, the U. S. ⋯ Among 20,180 respondents, 27.9% reported health issues. Adverse reactions peaked on day 1 (28.7%), including pain at the vaccination site, muscle pain, fatigue, and fever. These findings elucidate the short-term safety of the XBB.1.5 vaccine and support its co-administration with the influenza vaccine, reducing vaccine hesitancy and achieving herd immunity.