Eye
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Retinal vascular events are perceived to be related to various cardiovascular complications. We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between retinal artery/vein occlusions (RAO/RVO) and the incidence of mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). A comprehensive electronic literature search selected 93 relevant studies between 1992-2015: 16 articles qualified for inclusion (7 for mortality rate and MI, 11 for stroke). ⋯ There is a positive association of retinal vascular events to mortality, stroke, and MI. RAO is associated with a higher risk of stroke. Given that RAO and RVO patients would generally present to ophthalmologists, their high cardiovascular risk should include a referral for cardiovascular assessment as part of their management protocol.
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PurposeRandomized controlled trials have shown the efficacy of atropine for progressive myopia, and this treatment has become the preferred pattern for this condition in Taiwan. This study explores the effectiveness of atropine 0.5% treatment for progressive high myopia and adherence to therapy in a non-Asian country. MethodsAn effectiveness study was performed in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. ⋯ The most prominent reported adverse events were photophobia (72%), followed by reading problems (38%), and headaches (22%). The progression rate of spherical equivalent before treatment (-1.0D/year±0.7) diminished substantially during treatment (-0.1D/year±0.7) compared to those who ceased therapy (-0.5D/year±0.6; P=0.03). ConclusionsDespite the relatively high occurrence of adverse events, our study shows that atropine can be an effective and sustainable treatment for progressive high myopia in Europeans.
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To report the 7-year incidence of uncorrected refractive error in a metropolitan Chinese elderly population. ⋯ Our study indicated that the incidence of uncorrected refractive error was high (10.5%) in this elderly Chinese population. Living alone and myopia are predisposing factors, whereas wearing distance spectacles at examination is protective.
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Case Reports
Staphylococcal endogenous endophthalmitis in association with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.
PURPOSE To describe pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis as a rare infection associated with endogenous endophthalmitis. METHODS A retrospective review of three patients with endogenous endophthalmitis and sepsis due to underlying Staphylococcal vertebral osteomyelitis presenting during a 21-month time period. The ophthalmic and systemic features and management and outcomes are presented. ⋯ Endogenous endophthalmitis with staphylococcal bone infection is a rare but serious condition. Osteomyelitis should be considered as an infective source in any such patient reporting bone pain or reduced spinal mobility. Prompt investigation and treatment can achieve favourable visual and systemic outcomes.
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The aim of this prospective study was to measure the thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a cohort of consecutive de novo patients with pituitary macroadenomas without chiasmal compression. ⋯ Pituitary macroadenomas, even in the absence of chiasmal compression, may induce GCC and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning. SD-OCT may have a role in the early diagnosis and management of patients with pituitary tumours.