Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · Jan 1999
Case ReportsCase study: accidental clonidine patch overdose in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients.
The safety and efficacy of the clonidine patch are contingent on the integrity of the transdermal system and the condition of the dermal surface to which it is applied. This article presents the first 2 case reports in the literature of unintentional overdose in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with transdermal clonidine. Appropriate precautions and patient education can help limit toxicity from the clonidine patch in children and adolescents.
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J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · Oct 1998
ReviewPractice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.
These practice parameters review the current state of knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. The parameters were written to aid clinicians in the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with PTSD symptoms. ⋯ The main findings of this process were that a wide variety of stressors can lead to the development of PTSD symptoms in this population; that the specific PTSD symptoms manifested may vary according to the developmental stage of the child and the nature of the stressor, and for this reason, the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in adults may not adequately describe this disorder in children and adolescents; that several factors seem to mediate the development of childhood PTSD following a severe stressor; and that most of the therapeutic interventions recommended for children with PTSD are trauma-focused and include some degree of direct discussion of the trauma. Controversies and unresolved issues regarding PTSD in children are also addressed.
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J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · Sep 1998
Headaches and psychopathology in children and adolescents.
To examine the association between chronic headaches and DSM-III-R-defined psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, in a population-based sample of children and adolescents. ⋯ This study suggests that a distinct gender difference exists between boys and girls in the associations between headaches and psychopathology. Carroll's theory of dysfunction in central pain regulation as an underlying cause of depression is discussed in relation to the proposed serotonergic dysregulation common to headaches, depression, anxiety, aggression, and pain.
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J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · Aug 1998
Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder in Tibetan refugee children.
In an exploratory survey the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) was estimated in children who escaped from Tibet and found refuge in Tibetan settlements in India. ⋯ Tibetan children who succeed in their journey into exile suffer levels of stress-related disorders comparable with those of children in war situations or those exposed to natural disasters. However, in this population, several protective factors may help reduce the level of distress over time.