American journal of preventive medicine
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Muscle strength preservation may play an important role in protecting against cardiometabolic diseases, functional decline, musculoskeletal deterioration, and early all-cause mortality. However, sex-specific strength growth charts and curves using data from a U.S.-representative sample and clinically feasible measurement remain to be established. ⋯ The established strength quantiles can easily be incorporated into a clinical setting for screening individuals that would benefit from lifestyle interventions to improve muscular fitness and reduce health risks.
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Health inequities are the unjust differences in health among different social groups. Unfortunately, inequities are the norm, both in terms of health status and access to, and use of, health services. ⋯ This paper reflects a 2015 review of data from surveys conducted in developing countries from 2005 to 2011 that show significant inequities in immunization coverage and discusses several initiatives currently underway (including Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance) that are directed at increasing childhood immunizations or reducing or abolishing overall health inequities. These initiatives have already had a significant impact on disease burden and childhood mortality and give rise to optimism that health disparities may further be reduced and health equity achieved as a result of investments made in immunization.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Telephone Intervention to Improve Diabetes Control: A Randomized Trial in the New York City A1c Registry.
Scalable self-management interventions are necessary to address suboptimal diabetes control, especially among minority populations. The study tested the effectiveness of a telephone behavioral intervention in improving glycemic control among adults with diabetes in the New York City A1c Registry. ⋯ NCT00797888.
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India has one of the lowest immunization rates worldwide despite a longstanding Universal Immunization Program (UIP) that provides free childhood vaccines. This study characterizes the predictors for under- and non-vaccination among Indian children aged 12-36 months. ⋯ India's immunization coverage remained low in 2008, with just slightly more than half of all children aged 12-36 months fully vaccinated with UIP-recommended vaccines. A better understanding of the predictors for vaccination can help shape interventions to reduce disparities in full vaccination among children of differing demographic/cultural groups.