American journal of preventive medicine
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Experiences of discrimination are associated with tobacco and alcohol use, and work is a common setting where individuals experience racial/ethnic discrimination. Few studies have evaluated the association between workplace discrimination and these behaviors, and none have described associations across race/ethnicity. ⋯ Workplace discrimination is common, associated with smoking and alcohol use, and merits further policy attention, given the impact of these behaviors on morbidity and mortality.
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Supply-side reductions to the calories in chain restaurants are a possible benefit of upcoming menu labeling requirements. ⋯ Large chain restaurants significantly reduced the number of calories in newly introduced menu items. Supply-side changes to the calories in chain restaurants may have a significant impact on obesity prevention.
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The potential for emerging tobacco products (ETPs) to be gateway products for further tobacco use among youth is of significant concern. ⋯ Hookah and ETPs are increasingly becoming the first tobacco product ever tried by youth; however, uptake of ETPs is poor, unlike cigarettes and SLT, and does not appear to lead to significant daily/non-daily use of cigarettes and SLT.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. State-specific predicted 10-year risk of developing CVD could provide useful information for state health planning and policy. ⋯ The predicted 10-year risk of developing CVD varies significantly by age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, and state of residence. These results support the development and implementation of targeted prevention programs by states to address the risk of developing CVD, CHD, and stroke among their populations.
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There are substantial disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening that stem from lack of health insurance. Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expands insurance coverage to many Americans, there are differences in availability of Medicaid coverage across states. ⋯ As women in nonexpansion states remain uninsured and others gain coverage, existing disparities in cancer screening by race and socioeconomic status are likely to widen. Health risks and associated costs to underserved populations must be taken into account in ongoing debates over expansion.