American journal of preventive medicine
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Evidence on the combined effect of fruit and vegetable intake and total fat intake on hypertension is scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship among fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake, and hypertension risk among Chinese adults. ⋯ Fruit and vegetable intake modifies the relationship between fat intake and hypertension, whereby high fruit and vegetable intake may offset the detrimental effect of fat intake on hypertension. Increased fruit and vegetable intake and controlled fat intake are recommended to prevent hypertension in Chinese adults.
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Review Meta Analysis
Smoking-Cessation Interventions in Appalachia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Appalachia, a socioeconomically disadvantaged rural region in the eastern U.S., has one of the nation's highest prevalence rates of smoking and some of the poorest health outcomes. Effective interventions that lower smoking rates in Appalachia have great potential to reduce health disparities and preventable illness; however, a better understanding of effective interventions is needed. ⋯ Participation in smoking-cessation interventions increased the probability of smoking abstinence among Appalachian smokers by an estimated 2.33 times (pooled RR=2.33, 95% CI=1.03, 5.25, p=0.04). Given the low number of studies, their substantial heterogeneity, and high risk of bias, the evidence of the effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions in Appalachia must be interpreted with caution.
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Multicenter Study
Gaps in Sexual Assault Health Care Among Homeless Young Adults.
Young adults experiencing homelessness are at increased risk for sexual assault. Receiving a post-sexual assault examination has important implications for HIV and unintended pregnancy prevention; yet, utilization is not well understood. In a population at elevated risk for HIV, unintended pregnancy, and sexual violence, identifying barriers and facilitators to post-sexual assault examination is imperative. ⋯ Interventions are needed to increase use of preventive care after experiencing sexual assault among young adults experiencing homelessness.
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Perceiving discriminatory treatment may contribute to systemic inflammation, a risk factor of cardiovascular pathophysiology. This study evaluated the association of self-reported discrimination with changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the mediating role of adiposity. ⋯ Everyday and lifetime discrimination were associated with significant high-sensitivity C-reactive protein increases over 13 years. The physiologic response to discrimination may lead to systemic inflammation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Active Children Through Individual Vouchers Evaluation: A Mixed-Method RCT.
Physical activity declines in adolescence, especially among those in deprived areas. Research suggests this may result from accessibility barriers (e.g., cost and locality). The Active Children Through Individual Vouchers Evaluation RCT aimed to improve the fitness and heart health of teenagers in Wales with the help of teenagers who co-produced the study. ⋯ Active Children Through Individual Vouchers Evaluation identified methods that may have a positive impact on cardiovascular fitness, cardiovascular health, and perspectives of activity. Consulting with teenagers, empowering them, and providing more local opportunities for them to take part in activities that are fun, unstructured, and social could positively impact teenage physical activity.