American journal of preventive medicine
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Faith-based health interventions may improve obesity-related health behaviors, including healthy eating and physical activity. However, the generalizability of results and comprehensiveness of reporting for critical design elements sufficient for large-scale implementation and broad public health impact are unclear. This review assesses the degree to which faith-based healthy eating and physical activity programs report intervention elements using the reach, effectiveness/efficacy, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework. ⋯ Studies reporting outcomes of faith-based interventions to improve healthy eating/physical activity behaviors lack the information necessary to understand the potential for broad dissemination and implementation in community settings. Future studies should report on the considerations for the translation and dissemination of evidence-based programs to expand public health impact.
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Review
Economics of Interventions to Increase Active Travel to School: A Community Guide Systematic Review.
The number of children who bicycle or walk to school has steadily declined in the U.S. and other high-income countries. In response, several countries responded in recent years by funding infrastructure and noninfrastructure programs that improve the safety, convenience, and attractiveness of active travel to school. The objective of this study is to synthesize the economic evidence for the cost and benefit of these programs. ⋯ The evidence indicates that interventions that improve infrastructure and enhance the safety and ease of active travel to schools generate societal economic benefits that exceed the societal cost.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial.
This trial assesses the effects of a community-level alcohol prevention intervention in California on alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. ⋯ Enhanced alcohol enforcement operations involving both community health and law enforcement agencies can help to reduce alcohol-impaired driving and related consequences among young people. Including measures of intervention dosage raises interesting questions about the understanding of the impact of the community intervention. Future studies should continue to further develop implementation strategies that may more effectively and efficiently reduce community alcohol-related harm.
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People with Down syndrome have health risks that require specific lifelong preventive health care. With increasing life expectancy, people with Down syndrome also face health conditions typical of their unaffected peers and thus need coordinated health care. The purpose of this study is to describe rates of age/sex- and Down syndrome-specific preventive healthcare activities among adolescents and adults with Down syndrome. ⋯ Rates of age/sex- and Down syndrome-specific preventive recommendations were low among adolescents and adults with Down syndrome, regardless of the age focus consistency of their primary care provider. This represents a significant opportunity to improve primary care in this vulnerable population.
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Retention in opioid agonist therapy consistently has been linked with improved outcomes among people with opioid use disorder. However, less is known about the links between patterns of engagement in opioid agonist therapy over the long term and overdose risk. This study assesses the association of opioid agonist therapy retention trajectories with nonfatal overdose. ⋯ Suboptimal trajectories of opioid agonist therapy retention were associated with an increased likelihood of nonfatal overdose. These findings suggest that reducing the barriers to sustained engagement in opioid agonist therapy will be critical to address North America's overdose epidemic.