American journal of preventive medicine
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program was designed to prevent food insecurity among low-income Americans and has been linked to improvements in pregnancy health, long-term child development, and criminal recidivism. However, the pursuit of food security does not ensure nutritional sufficiency, and the program has not improved diet quality or cardiometabolic mortality (i.e., heart disease, stroke, diabetes). In this study, longitudinal cohort data are used to identify by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program status the proinflammatory characteristics that predispose to chronic disease. ⋯ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients had elevated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores, implying higher diet-driven inflammation. This was due, in part, to low intake of 4 anti-inflammatory food components, which were higher yet still nutritionally insufficient among nonrecipients. Findings highlight specific nutritional targets for improving public health through dietary change.
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Psychoactive substance use may be risky for adults with functional impairments. This study investigates cannabis use and prescription opioid and tranquilizer/sedative (mis)use among adults aged ≥50 years reporting functional impairments in the U.S. ⋯ Prescription drug misuse is linked to functional impairments among adults aged ≥50 years and may pose a potential risk for this vulnerable population.
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In 2018, the first Medically Supervised Injecting Room in Melbourne, Australia was officially opened. This study assessed whether this facility attracted people who inject drugs, who were socially vulnerable, and who engaged in drug-related behaviors associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. ⋯ The Melbourne Medically Supervised Injecting Room attracted socially marginalized people who inject drugs who are most at risk of harms related to injecting drug use and therefore who are most in need of the service. To determine the long-term impact use of this facility on key health outcomes such as overdose, future studies should consider the differences in vulnerability and risk behavior of people who inject drugs who use the Medically Supervised Injecting Room when examining the outcomes associated with the use of the facility.
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This study identifies the longitudinal trajectories of multiple forms of substance use and handgun carrying and examines their comorbidity over time. ⋯ Both substance use and gun carrying are developmentally heterogeneous phenomena. Varied forms of substance use should be targeted to counter the distinct gun carrying patterns.
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This study investigated whether individual-level social capital modifies the association between adverse childhood experiences and dementia onset. ⋯ Among older adults in Japan, adverse childhood experiences were associated with increased dementia incidence only for those with low social capital.