American journal of preventive medicine
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Heart disease, cancer, unintentional injury, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke are the 5 leading causes of death in the U.S. The objective of this review is to examine the economic value of prevention interventions addressing these 5 conditions. ⋯ Primary prevention may be more cost effective than secondary and tertiary prevention interventions; however, research investments in primary prevention interventions, especially by industry, lag in comparison. These findings help to highlight the gaps in the cost-effectiveness analysis literature related to the 5 leading causes of death and identify understudied interventions and prevention stages for each condition.
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This study aims to examine physician and dentist fluoride prescription patterns and identify the factors associated with fluoride prescriptions for Medicaid-enrolled children. The hypothesis is that dentists will be the primary prescribers of fluoride and that caries risk factors will be associated with fluoride prescriptions. ⋯ Physicians play an important role in prescribing fluoride to Medicaid-enrolled children, especially those at increased dental caries risk. Additional research is needed on strategies to ensure that all high-risk children have an opportunity to benefit from prescription fluoride.
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A total of 21 states have enacted laws that extend the types of firearm transfers that require the prospective purchaser to undergo a background check, often referred to as comprehensive background check laws. Utilizing a national representative survey of gun owners, this study estimates the proportion of firearm transfers that occur without background checks in states with and without these laws. ⋯ Fewer gun owners acquired their most recent firearm without a background check when the transfer occurred in a state with, relative to without, comprehensive background check laws. Private firearm sales that do not occur at traditional retail locations continue to be the type of sale least likely to have a background check.
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A better understanding of how menthol cigarette flavoring and ENDS impact smoking initiation, cessation, and transitions between tobacco products could help elucidate the potential impact of a U.S. menthol ban on combustible tobacco products. ⋯ Sociodemographic differences in product transitions should be accounted for when estimating the potential impact of a menthol ban.